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Algole  Colours. 

CHAS.  11,  siOPiE 


<<&J/uSS£LLI  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Tim  Bi\yi}\  Ojiiipaiiy,  lilt. 


Branch  Offices: 

117  Hudson  Street NEW  YORK. 

32  India  Street BOSTON  Mass. 

56  Pine  Street       I'ROVirJIiNCE  R.  1. 

908  Chestnut  Street PHILADELPHIA  Pa. 

146  West  Kinzie  Street CHICAGO  111. 

14  Front  Street  Rast TORONTO,  Ont.  (Canada). 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

NCSU  Libraries 


http://www.archive.org/details/algolecoloursOObaye 


Preface. 

In  the  year  1907,  we  placed  011  the  market  our  first  vat  colours, 
viz :  Algole  Blue  C  F  and  Algole  Green  B.  Since  then,  we  have  added  so 
many  new  brands  to  this  important  class  of  fast  coloin's  that  we  recently 
decided  to  issue  a  brodiure  siimmarising  the  properties  and  uses  of  these  vat 
dyestutfs  and  giving  the  recipes  for  their  application. 

Hence  the  present  volume  which,  we  hope,  will  do  miidi  to  make 
our  Algoles  more  generally  known  and  appreciated. 

The  Bayer  Company,  Inc. 


820*^0 


Table  of  Contents. 


Preface. 

Introduction      1—3 

Articles  for  wliicli  the  Algole  &  Alizarine  indigo  Colours  may  be  employed     ....  4 

Properties  of  the  Algole  Colours 5     10 

Algok  Yellow  30     ^ 

„       30  L 5 

„       R 5 

„       WF 5 

Lcucole  Yellow  O ^ 

Algole  Brilliant  Grange  FR 5 

Algole  Orange  R ^ 

Algole  Red  5  Q 5 

„     2  G 6 

Algole  Scarlet  G ^ 

Algole  Pink  R fj 

„     TR     6 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B 6 

Algole  Red  FF  extra ^ 

„    R  e.\tra 6 

.,         „    B ^ 

Algole  Bordeau.K  3B      ' 


Algole  Corinth  R    .    .    .    . 
Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B 


R 


Algole  Violet  B      ° 

Algole  Blue  3R ^ 

„         .,     K 8 

„     CF ^ 

„     3G ^ 

Algole  Green  B 

Leucolc  Dark  Green  B     

Algole  Olive  R ^ 

g 
Algole  Brown  G 

..          .,      R 9 

9 
Leucolc  Brown  B 


Page 

Algole  Grey  B 9 

„      2B 9 

Algole  Black  CL 9 

„      RO 9 

Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B 9 

Alizarine  Indigo  G .' 9 

„       7  0 • 10 

Brome  Indigo  F  B 10 

Appearance  of  the  Algole  and  Alizarine  Indigo  Colours  in  the  Reduced  State  ....  10 

Directions  for  the  Cold-djxing  Algole  and  Leucole  Colours 11 

Directions  for  the  Hot-dyeing  Algole  and  Leucole  Colours 12 

Special  Recipe  for  Algole  Blue  CF,  Leucole  Dark  Green  B  and  Leucole  Brown  B  .    .13 

Recipe  for  Brome  Indigo  F  B 13 

„        „   Alizarine  Indigo  G 14 

„   Alizarine  Indigo  7G 15 

„   Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B 15 

Aftertreatment  to  increase  the  Fastness  to  Boiling  of  Alizarine  Indigo  G  &  7G  .    .    .16 
to  accelerate  the  Oxidation  of  tlie  Algole  and  Leucole  Colours      ...  16 

Tlie  Dyeing  of  Yam  in  the  Hank 17 

„       „  Cops,  Cheeses  and  Warp-beams  in  Machines 18 — 20 

„  „       „  Cotton,  Linen  and  Half-linen  Pieces 20—22 

„  Silk  Yam 23 

Comparative  Strength  of  the  Paste  and  Powder  Qualities 24 

Tabulated  Recipes 24—27 

The  Dyeing  of  Combination  Shades 28—30 

Table  showing  the  Fastness  of  the  Algole  or  Vat  Colours  when  dyed  on  Cotton     .    .  31  &32 
Methods  of  Printing  Algole  &  Alizarine  Indigo  Colours  and  Brome  Indigo  F  B  P     .    .  33—39 

Rongalite- Carbonate  Process 33—35 

Bicarbonate  Process 35&36 

Rongalite — Caustic  Soda — Steam  Process 36  &  37 

Tin  Crystals — Copperas  Process 37—39 

Padding  with  Hydrosulphite — Caustic  Soda      39 — 11 

„  „     Tin  Cry-stals  -  Copperas 41 

Algole  and  Alizarine  Indigo  Colours  dyed  singly 42—45 

Combination  Shades  on  Cotton  Yam     ...       46 

Shades  on  Embroidery  Silk     47 

„    Glanzstoff 48 

Combination  Shades  on  Glanzstoff 49 


Patterns  from  the  Trade. 

Blousings  &  Stiirtings 51 

,,  Dress  Material      52 

„  „  Shirtings 53 

„  Dress  Material     54&55 

Half-woollen  Blousings  &  Dress  Material      56 

Shirtings 57 

Austrian  Army  Tent  Cloth 58 

Table-cloth 59 

Furniture  Cloth 60 

Tapestry 61 

Awnings 62 

Washable  Trimmings     63 

Turkish  Towelling 64 

Algole  Effects  (Viscose  Silk)  fast  to  cross-dyeing 65 

Blousings      66 

Dress  Material 67&68 

Corduroy  &  Velveteen 69 

Prints  produced  according  to  the  Rongalite — Carbonate  Process     71—74 

„  „  „  „     „    Bicarbonate  Process 75 

„  „  „  „     ,,    Rongalite— Caustic  Soda— Steam  Process      78&80 

„  ,,  „  ,,     ,,    Rongalite — Carbonate  Process 76 — 80 

Prints    produced    with  Algole    and   Alizarine    Indigo    Colours    on    a    Naphtol    Prepare 

alongside  Ice  Red 81 

Colour  Discharges  on  Shades  produced  with  Para  Colours 82 

Colour  Resists  with  Alizarine  Indigo  under  Ice  Red 82 

Shades  padded  according  to  the  Hydrosulphite— Caustic  Soda  Process 83 — 86 

Print  Patterns  produced  according  to  the  Tin  Cryst.— Copperas  Method 87—89 

Shades  padded  according  to  the  Tin  Cryst.— Copperas  Method 90 


Introduction. 


The  Algoles  belong  to  the  class  of  vat  colours.  They  are  therefore 
perfectly  insoluble  in  water  but,  like  indigo,  dissolve  on  being  stirred  up 
with  alkaline  reducing  agents,  thereby  giving  a  so-called  vat.  Textile  fibres, 
such  as  cotton,  can  be  dyed  by  working  them  in  this  vat  for  some  time  at 
ordinary  (or  higher)  temperatures  and  afterwards  hanging  them  up  to  air 
or  treating  with  some  oxidising  agent  in  order  to  develop  the  colour. 

The  chemical  action  that  takes  place  is  this:  The  insoluble  colour 
takes  up  hydrogen  from  the  reducing  agent,  e.  g.  hydrosulphite,  and  forms 
a  "leuco  compound"  which  is  soluble  in  alkali.  This  leuco  compound  be- 
haves towards  the  fibre  like  a  direct-dyeing  colour,  i.  e.  the  fibre  has  an 
affinity  for  the  leuco  compound  and  absorbs  it  out  of  the  alkaline  solution. 
By  hanging  up  to  air,  the  leuco  compound  is  oxidised  by  the  oxygen  in 
the  atmosphere  and  is  thus  reconverted  into  the  original  insoluble  colour 
which  is  now  firmly  fixed  in  the  fibre. 

The  dyeing  of  vat  colours  may  therefore  be  divided  into  three 
distinct  processes: 

1.  The  preparation  of  the  vat  (reducing  process). 

2.  The  dyeing  proper  which  takes  place  in  the  vat. 

3.  The  development  of  the  shade  (oxidising  process). 

The  reducing  agent  used  for  the  preparation  of  the  vat  is  generally 
hydrosulphite  in  combination  with  caustic  soda.  In  certain  cases,  other 
reducing  agents  may  be  resorted  to. 

In  order  to  obtain  a  good  result,  it  is  essential  that  the  colour 
should  be  completely  reduced  and  dissolved  from  the  very  beginning  of  the 
dyeing  process.  The  alkaline  hydrosulphite  solution  greedily  absorbs  the 
oxygen  in  the  atmosphere;  care  must  therefore  be  taken,  whilst  dyeing,  to 
prevent  the  air  having  too  ready  access  to  the  dye-liquor.     Moreover,  it   is 


1 
D.  H.  HILL  LIBRARr 

North  Carolina  State  Co!lef« 


very  important  that  sufficient  hydrosulphite  should  be  taken  at  the  outset  so 
that,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  a  part  of  the  hydrosulphite  is  destroyed  during 
the  dyeing  operation  owing  to  unavoidable  contact  with  the  air,  there  may 
still  be  enough  present  at  the  end  of  the  process  to  prevent  the  colour  from 
precipitating. 

Whilst  the  hydrosulphite  is  decomposing,  the  caustic  soda  is  also 
being  used  up.  Consequently,  this  substance,  too,  should  be  present  in 
sufficient  quantities,  else  the  colour  will  fall  out  of  solution  though  the 
amount  of  hydrosulphite  in  the  bath  be  adequate.  If,  therefore,  the  colour 
precipitates  during  the  dyeing  process,  the  reason  may  be  that  there  is  not 
enough  hydrosulphite  or  caustic  soda  in  the  dye-liquor  or  not  enough  of 
both.  The  defect  may  then  be  remedied  by  making  further  additions  of 
these  ingredients,  i.  e.  by  "rectifying"  the  bath. 

If  our  directions  are  correctly  followed  and  the  proper  method  of 
working  observed,  a  decomposition  of  the  vat  cannot  take  place,  provided, 
of  course,  the  hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda  are  of  the  right  quality.  If 
such  a  contingency  arise  after  all,  the  above  information  will  give  the  dyer 
a  good  idea  where  the  trouble  lies. 

In  most  cases,  the  vat  has  a  totally  different  colour  from  the  dye- 
stuff  itself;  a  similarity  is  only  met  with  now  and  then.  For  example, 
Algole  Blue  C  F  gives  a  blue  vat  but  Algole  Blue  K  gives  a  brown  and 
Leucole  Yellow  G  a  yellow-brown  vat.  Consequently,  the  dyed  material 
has,  as  a  rule,  quite  a  different  shade  when  it  comes  out  of  the  vat  from 
that  it  has  later  on  when  the  dyestuff  is  developed. 

We  have  already  alluded  to  the  fact  that  the  colour  present  in  the 
vat  in  a  reduced  form,  i.  e.  as  a  leuco  compound,  has  an  affinity  for  the 
fibre  very  similar  to  that  of  the  substantive  colours.  The  dyeing  proper, 
which  takes  place  in  the  vat  itself,  therefore  consists  in  the  fixing  of  the 
leuco  compound  on  the  fibre  or,  in  other  words,  in  its  absorption  by  the  fibre. 

Now,  just  as  the  substantive  colours  themselves  behave  differently 
from  one  another  on  dyeing,  so  too,  only  to  a  still  greater  extent,  do  the 
vat  colours.  Some  are  absorbed  best  in  a  warm  bath,  others  in  a  cold 
one,  so  that  we  speak  of  hot  and  cold-dyeing  vat  colours.  Some  Aigoles, 
however,  give  almost  equally  good  results  whether  dyed  warm  or  cold. 

When  applying  cold-dyeing  Aigoles,  it  is  advisable  to  add  some 
common  or  Glauber's  salt  to  the  vat  in  order  to  obtain  as  good  an  exhaustion 


as  possible,  thus  making  the  most  of  the  colour.     If  this  addition  is  omitted, 
much  lighter  shades  result. 

Moreover,  in  the  case  of  many  dyestuffs,  the  alkalinity  of  the  dye- 
bath,  i.  e.  the  amount  of  caustic  soda  added,  plays  an  important  role  as 
regards  the  depth  of  shade  obtained. 

It  is  therefore  of  the  greatest  importance  for  the  dyer  to  know 
whether  he  is  to  dye  warm  or  cold,  with  or  without  salt,  with  much  or 
with  little  caustic  soda. 

With  regard  to  the  evenness  of  the  shades,  it  may  be  affirmed  as 
a  general  rule  that  colours  taken  up  by  the  fibre  slowly  or  with  difficulty, 
e.  g.  those  that  require  an  addition  of  salt,  yield  the  best  results. 

When  dyeing  material  that  is  difficult  to  penetrate  or  when  particu- 
larly level  shades  are  desired,  the  conditions  under  which  the  dyeing  is 
carried  out  may,  in  certain  cases,  be  varied  in  such  a  way  that  the  absorption 
of  the  colour  is  not  too  favourably  influenced,  and  the  colour  therefore  not 
utilised  to  the  utmost;  for  example,  the  cold-dyeing  Algoles  may  be  worked 
at  a  somewhat  higher  temperature  or  the  addition  of  salt  diminished. 

The  development  of  the  colour  is  an  oxidation  process.  The  simplest 
way  to  oxidise  is  to  expose  the  goods  to  the  air,  i.  e.  to  hang  them  up, 
after  taking  them  out  of  the  vat  and  removing  the  superfluous  liquor.  In 
many  cases,  it  is  advisable  to  oxidise  not  with  atmospheric  oxygen  but  by 
means  of  a  special  oxidising  bath,  for  example,  by  means  of  a  solution  of 
potassium  bichromate  and  acetic  acid  or  with  sodium  perborate.  Sometimes, 
chloride  of  lime  may  be  used. 

In  conclusion,  we  should  like  to  make  a  few  remarks  about  the 
soaping  operation.  In  several  instances,  the  colour  is  not  fully  developed 
until  the  soaping  operation  is  carried  out,  especially  when  this  is  done  at 
the  boil.  The  soaping  almost  always  causes  a  more  or  less  perceptible 
change  in  shade.  In  no  case,  however,  does  a  further  change  occur  on 
repeating  the  soaping  operation,  a  fact  that  is  of  the  greatest  importance 
when  employing  Algoles  for  fancy-woven  articles  or  goods  that  have  to  be 
fast  to  washing. 

Generally  speaking,  the  statements  made  in  this  introduction  also 
apply  to  our  Alizarine  Indigo  brands. 


Articles  for  which  the  Algole  and  Alizarine 
Indigo  Colours  may  be  employed. 

The  Algole  colours  are  chiefly  adapted  for  dyeing  vegetable 
fibres  of  all  kinds,  but  are  also  suitable  for  artificial  and  natural 
silk;  in  some  cases,  they  dye  wool  with  good  results. 

Cotton  may  be  dyed  in  the  loose  state,  hank  (cops,  cheeses, 
warp-beams)  or  piece. 

Here,  we  shall  mention  only  the  most  important  of  the  many  kinds 
of  articles  for  which  the  Algoles  come  into  question. 

These  are:  fancy-coloured  shirtings  and  blousings,  apron 
and  dress  material,  table-cloths,  doilies,  handkerchiefs,  bath 
and  ordinary  towels,  tapestry,  portieres,  furniture  cloth  and 
window-blinds. 

The  Algoles  are  also  ver>'  valuable  colours  for  embroidery  and 
sewing  yarn,  as  well  as  for  the  production  of  effect  threads  fast  to 
cross-dyeing  in  woollen  pieces. 

Moreover,  they  are  exceedingly  well  adapted  for  cotton,  linen 
and  half-linen  piece-goods,  e.  g.  corduroy  and  velveteen  for 
better-class  dress  material,  suitings,  furniture  cloth  and  curtains. 

Artificial  silk  is  used  for  many  kinds  of  material,  that  have  to 
be  dyed  with  fast  colours,  especially  effect  threads,  fast  to  cross-dyeing,  in 
woollen  goods. 

The  cold-dyeing  Algoles  are  especially  serviceable  for  the  production 
of  fast  shades  on  silk. 

In  wool -dyeing,  several  of  the  Algoles  have  proved  extremely 
useful,  especially  for  effect  threads  and  grey  and  greyish  green  shades  of 
excellent  fastness  to  light  and  milling. 


Properties  of  the  Algole  Colours. 


fllgole  Yellow  3  G,  3  G  L,  R  and  WF. 

The  3  G  and  3  G  L  yield  clear,  sulphur  yellow  shades,  the  R  and 
W  F  brands  a  bright,  reddish  golden  yellow.  They  easily  dye  level 
and  possess  very  good  fastness  to  alkali,  washing,  boiling,  acid, 
cross-dyeing  and  chlorine.  The  R  and  WF  are  fast  to  light.  For 
combination  shades  fast  to  light,  Algole  Yellow  R  and  3  G  L  are 
generally  preferred  to  the  3  G  brand ;  especially  in  the  case  of  green 
shades  is  the  3  G  L  superior  to  the  3  G.  The  dyeing  is  carried  out 
cold,  but  the  W  F  may  also  be  worked  in  a  warm  bath. 

Leucole  Yellow  G 

has,  on  the  whole,  the  same  properties  as  Algole  Yellow  3G  but 
is  not  quite  so  fast  to  boiling  and  cross-dyeing.  It  is  dyed  in  a 
cold  bath. 

fllgole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R. 

This  colour  not  only  yields  a  very  clear  shade,  but  also  possesses 
excellent  fastness  and  working  properties.  Its  level-dyeing  property 
is  very  good  and  it  is  exceedingly  fast  to  alkali,  washing,  acid, 
chlorine  and  light,  as  well  as  fast  to  boiling  and  cross-dyeing. 
Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  is  used  as  a  self-colour  for  effect  threads 
but  is  generally  employed  for  fancy  shades  and,  combined  with 
Algole  Red  R  extra,  F  F  extra  or  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B,  for  the 
production  of  pink  and  Turkey-red  shades.  As  a  rule,  the  colour 
is  dyed  cold;  when  dyed  hot,  the  shade  is  saddened  a  little. 

fllgole  Orange  R 

possesses,  on  the  whole,  the  same  very  good  fastness  as  Algole 
Brilliant  Orange  FR;  the  shade,  however,  is  not  so  bright.  Its 
very  good  fastness  to  boiling,  chlorine  and  light  is  worthy  of  special 
note.  This  brand  is  chiefly  employed  as  a  combination  colour  with 
Algole  Grey  B  or  2  B,  Algole  Olive  R  etc.  for  fancy,  olive  and 
brown  shades.     The  dyeing  is  done  cold. 

fllgole  Red  5  G 

is  an  extremely  fast  colour;  its  excellent  fastness  to  light  and  very 
good  fastness  to  washing  and  boiling  are  particularly  noteworthy. 
The  dyeing  operation  is  carried  out  cold. 


Hlgole  Red  2  6 

is  a  very  productive  colour  and,  like  the  5  G,  is  distinguished  by 
excellent  fastness.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  fact  that  it  scarcely  alters 
in  tone  on  being  soaped  at  the  boil.  The  dyeing  is  carried  out 
cold;  the  colour  may,  however,  be  dyed  hot,  in  which  case  the 
shade  turns  out  thinner  and  sadder. 

Hlgole  Scarlet  G. 

This  dyestuff  yields  clear  scarlet  shades  of  very  good  fastness  to 
chlorine  and  light.  The  fastness  to  washing  is  good;  that  to  boiling 
and  cross-dyeing  is  not  so  good  as  in  the  case  of  Algole  Red  5  G. 
Algole  Scarlet  G  is  chiefly  employed  for  yarn  or  pieces  intended 
for  curtains  and  furniture  cloth  fast  to  light.     It  is  dyed  cold. 

Rlgole  Pink  R 

gives  an  exceptionally  clear  pink  shade  of  very  good  fastness  to 
light  and  chlorine.  It  is  sensitive  to  alkali  and  turns  to  the  blue 
side  on  boiling;  on  acidulating  with  acetic  or  formic  acid,  the 
original  shade  returns  almost  exactly.  If  the  dyed  goods  are  to  be 
washed,  it  is  advisable  to  use  neutral  (not  alkaline)  soap.  Algole 
Pink  R  possesses  very  good  level-dyeing  property  and  is  adapted, 
in  the  first  place,  for  dyeing  the  same  kinds  of  material  as  Algole 
Scarlet  G.     The  dyeing  is  performed  cold. 

fllgole  Pink  TR 

has  obtained  a  good  footing  in  the  trade  as  a  substitute  for  Turkey 
pink.  It  has  almost  the  same  working  properties  and  fastness  as 
Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B.     The  dyeing  is  carried  out  in  a  cold  bath. 

fllgole  Brilliant  Red  2  B 

is  suitable  for  the  production  of  clear  pink  shades  as  well  as  full, 
bloomy  reds.  It  is  distinguished  by  very  good  fastness  to  washing, 
boiling,  acid,  cross-dyeing  and  chlorine.  The  fastness  to  light  is 
also  very  good  though  surpassed  by  that  of  Algole  Pink  R.  Algole 
Brilliant  Red  2  B  is  mainly  employed  in  combination  with  Algole 
Brilliant  Orange  F  R  or  Algole  Red  5  G  for  Turkey-red  shades. 
The  dyeing  is  accomplished  in  a  cold  bath. 

Hlgole  Red  FF  extra  and  R  extra 

gre,  generally  speaking,  on  a  par  with  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B  as 
regards  good  fastness,  and  are  used  for  the  same  purposes.  They 
are  worked  cold. 


nigole  Red  B 

is  the  oldest  Algole  Red  brand.  It  dyes  very  level  and  is  mainly 
resorted  to  as  a  red  constituent  colour  for  fancy  shades  and  as  a 
combination  colour  with  Algole  Bordeaux  3  B  for  full  clarets.  It 
is  very  fast  to  alkali,  washing,  boiling,  acid  and  cross-dyeing,  and 
fast  to  light;  moreover,  it  is  perfectly  fast  to  chlorine  but  somewhat 
sensitive  to  heat.     A  cold  bath  is  used  for  the  dyeing  operation. 

Hlgole  Bordeaux  3  B 

gives  a  full,  bluish  claret  shade  of  very  good  fastness.  It  easily 
dyes  level  and  possesses  very  good  fastness  to  alkali,  washing,  boil- 
ing, acid  and  cross-dyeing,  excellent  fastness  to  chlorine  and  good 
fastness  to  light.  It  is  chiefly  employed  as  a  self-colour  but  is  also 
serviceable  as  a  red  constituent  colour  for  the  production  of  fancy 
shades  or  coppery  blues  (with  Algole  Blue  3  R).  The  dyeing  is 
effected  in  a  cold  bath. 

fllgole  Corinth  R 

is  dyed  cold  and  yields  shades  very  fast  in  every  respect.  The 
fastness  to  light,  for  instance,  is  extremely  good  and  the  same  may 
be  said  of  the  fastness  to  alkali,  washing,  boiling,  acid,  cross-dyeing 
and  chlorine.  This  colour  is  mostly  used  for  combination  shades 
or  for  shading  and  saddening  red,  claret  and  violet  brands. 

Hlgole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B. 

This  product  is  chiefly  distinguished  by  a  very  clear  violet  shade 
and  very  good  fastness  to  light.  The  fastness  to  washing  is  very 
good;  the  resistance  to  boiling  alongside  white  is  good  but  the  shade 
turns  a  little  bluer.  The  colour  also  withstands  acid  and  cross- 
dyeing,  whilst  the  stability  against  chlorine  is  quite  good  enough 
for  ordinary  demands.  It  will  be  found  very  useful  for  bright  lilac 
and  violet  shades,  fast  to  washing  and  light.  Algole  Brilliant  Violet 
2B  may  be  dyed  cold  or  hot  (140"  Faht.). 

Rlgole  Brilliant  Violet  R 

has  pretty  much  the  same  properties  as  the  2  B  and  yields  just  as 
clear  a  shade;  it  is,  however,  a  redder  brand  and  possesses  belter 
fastness  to  alkali.  It  is  very  fast  to  washing,  boiling,  acid  and  cross- 
dyeing;  its  fastness  to  chlorine  resembles  that  of  the  2  B.  Algole 
Brilliant  Violet  R  serves  to  produce  clear  lilac  shades  and  to  give 
blue  colours  a  violet  tone.     It  may  be  dyed  cither  cold  or  hot. 


Hlgole  Violet  B 

does  not  give  so  dear  a  shade  as  Algole  Brilliant  Violet.  It  is  very 
fast  to  light,  alkali,  washing,  boiling,  acid  and  cross-dyeing.  Chlorine 
turns  the  shade  a  little  redder.  Algole  Violet  B  is  useful  for  the 
production  of  bright  heliotropes  and  for  shading  purposes.  It  is 
dyed  cold. 

fllgole  Blue  3  R  and  K 

are  ver\-  valuable  colours  since  they  may  be  suitably  combined  with 
the  cold-dyeing  Algoles  for  the  production  of  a  great  variety  of 
shades.  As  regards  fastness  to  light,  the  K  brand  is  excellent, 
whilst  the  3R  is  very  good.  Both  colours  possess  good  fastness 
to  alkali  and  verj'  good  fastness  to  washing,  boiling,  acid  and 
cross-dyeing.     3  R  is  the  faster  to  chlorine;  it  becomes  a  little  lighter. 

Hlgole  Blue  C  F  '  and  3  G 

are  hot-dyeing  colours  of  excellent  fastness  to  light.  The  C  F 
yields  a  verj-  clear  blue  resembling  indigo,  whilst  the  3  G  gives  a 
still  clearer  shade  of  a  pronounced  greenish  tone.  Both  brands  are 
distinguished  by  very  good  fastness,  fastness  to  chlorine  excepted. 
Thus  they  are  verj'  fast  to  washing,  boiling,  acid  and  cross-dyeing. 
Algole  Blue  3  G  gives  the  brightest  shade  when  acidulated  well 
and  soaped  thoroughly  at  the  boil.  Algole  Blue  C  F  may  be  dyed 
not  only  with  hydrosulphite  but  also  with  dextrine  or  grape  sugar 
and  caustic  soda. 

Hlgole  6reen  B 

is  also  a  hot-dyeing  colour  of  ver>'  good  fastness.  Like  Algole 
Blue  C  F  and  3  G,  it  possesses  excellent  fastness  to  light  and  very 
good  fastness  to  washing,  boiling,  acid  and  cross-dyeing;  it  does  not 
withstand  chlorine.  Algole  Green  B  is,  as  a  rule,  employed  either 
alone  or  in  combination  with  Algole  Blue  C  F  *,  3  G  and  Leucole 
Dark  Green  B. 

Leucole  Dark  Green  B 

is  dyed  in  a  hot  bath  with  hydrosulphite  or  dextrine  or  grape  sugar 
and  caustic  soda.  The  shade  obtained  is  fast  to  alkali,  washing, 
acetic  acid  and  cross-dyeing  but  not  to  chlorine.  The  fastness  to 
light  is  only  moderate. 


Algole  Blue  C  F  is  not  sold  in  U.  S.  A. 


Hlgole  Olive  R 

not  only  possesses  excellent  fastness  but  also  allows  of  being  dyed 
cold  or  hot.  lt_Js_ypry  fast — ta_jight,  washing,  boiling,  acid 
chlorine  and  cross-dyeing.  It  is  especially  useful,  in  combination 
with  Algole  Yellow  3  G  L,  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  or  Algole 
Orange  R,  for  the  production  of  khaki  shades  fast  to  light  and  atmos- 
pheric influences. 

FVlgole  Brown  G  and  R 

have  the  same  excellent  all-round  fastness  as  the  fore-mentioned, 
Algole  Olive  R.  They  may  be  dyed  either  cold  or  hot;  by  the 
latter  method  fuller  shades  are  obtained. 

Lcucole  Brown  B 

is  dyed  hot  with  hydrosulphite  or  dextrine  or  grape  sugar  and 
caustic  soda.  The  fastness  to  washing  alongside  white  is  very  good 
but,  if  subjected  to  a  severe  boiling,  the  shade  suffers  in  depth. 
The  colour  is  fast  to  cross-dyeing  and  light  but  not  to  chlorine. 
It  is  mostly  used  for  light  and  medium  fancy  browns. 
Hlgole  Grey  B  and  2B 

are  cold-dyeing  colours  of  very  good  fastness  to  washing,  boiling, 
acid,  cross-dyeing,  light  and  chlorine.  They  are  very  valuable  for 
the  dyeing  of  grey  and  combination  shades. 

Hlgole  Black  C  L  and  R  O 

possess  very  good  fastness  to  light  and  cross-dyeing.  The  R  O  is 
the  faster  to  chlorine.  This  brand  is  dyed  cold  whilst  the  C  L  is 
worked  in  a  hot  bath. 

Hlizarine  Indigo  Red  B. 

This  dyestuff  is  distinguished   by   very   good  fastness    to  washing, 
acid,   cross-dyeing  and  light,   as   well   as  good  fastness    to   boiling 
and  chlorine. 
Hlizarine  Indigo  G. 

This  colour  dyes  very  evenly,  yielding  a  very  clear,  greenish  blue 
shade  of  unsurpassed  fastness  to  chlorine.  Its  resistance  to  washing 
is  very  good;  the  stability  against  boiling  is  considerably  improved 
by  an  aftertreatment  with  bichrome  and  copper  sulphate,  the  shade 
altering  but  little  in  tone.  The  fastness  to  cross-dyeing  is  very 
good.  As  far  as  fastness  to  light  is  concerned.  Alizarine  Indigo  G 
is  superior  to  indigo  but  still  a  long  way  behind  Algole  Blue. 


filizarine  Indigo  7  6 

is  considerably  more  greenish  than  the  G  brand.    As  regards  fastness, 
the  two   colours   are    about   equally    good.     Alizarine    Indigo    7  G 
possesses  good  fastness  to  chlorine. 
Brome  Indigo  F  B 

gives  a  very  bright,  clear  shade  and  has  excellent  level-dyeing  and 
penetrating  properties;  in  these  respects,  it  is  superior  to  indigo. 
It  is  also  distinguished  by  good  fastness  to  washing,  acid  and  cross- 
dyeing.    Its  fastness  to  light  is  similar  to  that  of  Alizarine  Indigo  G. 


Appearance  of  the  Algole  &  Alizarine  Indigo 
Colours  in  the  Reduced  State. 


Algole  Yellow  3  G :  Red 
Algole  Yellow  3GL:  Red 
Algole  Yellow  R:  Claret 
Algole  Yellow  WF:  Violet 
Leucole  Yellow  G:  Red 
Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR:  Yellow- 
ish Red 
Algole  Orange  R:  Yellowish  Red 
Algole  Red  5G:  Violet 
Algole  Red  2  G :  Red 
Algole  Scarlet  G:  Brick  Red 
Algole  Pink  R:  Red 
Algole  Pink  T  R:  Red 
Algole  Brilliant  Red  2B:  Yellowish 

Claret 
Algole  Red  FF  extra:  Yellowish 

Claret 
Algole  Red  R  extra:  Yellowish  Red 
Algole  Red  B:  Brick  Red 
Algole  Bordeaux  3  B :  Red  Brown 
Algole  Corinth  R:  Claret 


Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2 B:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Violet  B:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Blue  3R:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Blue  K:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Blue  CF:  Blue  Green 
Agole  Blue  3G:  Grey  Olive 
Algole  Green  B:  Green 
Leucole  Dark  Green  B:  Violet 
Algole  Olive  R:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Brown  G:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Brown  R:  Red  Brown 
Leucole  Brown  B:  Red  Violet 
Algole  Grey  B:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Grey  2B:  Red  Brown 
Algole  Black  C  L:  Brown 
Algole  Black  R  O :  Brown 
Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B:  Golden  Yellow 
Alizarine  Indigo  G:  Golden  Yellow 
Alizarine  Indigo  7G:  Golden  Yellow 
Brome  Indigo  FB:  Golden  Yellow. 


10 


Directions  for  the  Cold-dyeing  Algole 
and  Leucole  Colours. 

(Algole  Yellow  3  G,  3  G  L,  R,  W  F,  Leucole  Yellow  G,  Algole 
Brilliant  Orange  F  R,  Algole  Orange  R,  all  the  Algole  Red  brands,  Algole 
Scarlet  G,  Algole  Bordeaux  3  B,  Algole  Pink  R,  T  R,  Algole  Corinth  R, 
Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R,  Algole  Violet  B,  Algole  Blue  K,  3  R,  Algole 
Olive  R,  Algole  Brown  G,  R,  Algole  Grey  B,  2  B,  Algole  Black  R  O.) 

Dissolving  the  Colour.  Stir  up  the  paste  colours  with  water  not 
above  85—95°  Faht.,  add  the  amount  of  caustic  soda  and  hydrosulphite 
necessary  for  the  whole  bath,  stir  and  allow  to  stand  until  the  solution  is  clear. 

In  the  case  of  self-shades,  it  is  best  to  stir  up  Algole  Grey  B  and 
2  B  with  water  of  the  ordinary  temperature  (i.  e.  water  that  has  not  been 
warmed),  and  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B,  Algole  Pink  T  R,  Algole  Red  F  F 
extra,  R  extra,  Algole  Blue  K,  3  R,  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R  and  Algole 
Violet  B  with  water  of  105-120°  Faht. 

It  is  advisable  to  treat  colours  in  powder  form  as  follows:  Stir 
up  the  colour  into  a  paste  with  Va — Va  as  much  Monopole  Soap  or  Mono- 
pole  Brilliant  Oil,  pour  on  water  and  then  reduce  with  the  usual  amounts 
of  caustic  soda  and  hydrosulphite. 

Preparation  of  the  Dye-bath.    As  a  rule,   it  is  only  necessary   in 
the  case  of  light  shades  to  bring  the   liquor  into  a  good  condition  before- 
hand.    For  this  purpose,  take  per  10  imp.  gallons  (per  100  litres) 
Vs — V^  oz  (16 — 26  cc)  caustic  soda  52°  Tw.  and 
Vo  oz.  (12  grms.)  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 

Dissolve  the  Glauber's  salt  in  the  liquor  before  pouring  in  the 
colour-solution.  When  dyeing  Algole  Blue  K,  3  R,  Algole  Brilliant  Violet 
2  B,  R  and  Algole  Violet  B,  it  is  advisable  to  add  the  Glauber's  salt  in  two 
portions,  adding  the  second  after  having  dyed  for  V2  hour. 

Instead  of  Glauber's  salt  cryst.,  half  the  amount  of  common  salt  or 
soda  ash  may  be  employed.  The  amount  of  soda  ash,  however,  should 
not  exceed  5  lb.  per  10  imp.  gallons  (i.  e.  50  grams,  per  litre). 

The  Dyeing  Operation.  Dye  for  ^j^ — 1  hour  (IV4— IV2  hours  for 
Algole  Black  RO)  at  the  ordinary  temperature  or  at  70 — 75°  Faht.  immersed 
in  the  liquor  or  on  straight  sticks,  squeeze  out,  air  or  allow  to  oxidise  for 
V-i— V2  hour,  rinse,  acidulate  with  3 — 5'7-t  oz.  (1—2  cc)  sulphuric  acid 
168°  Tw.  per  10  gallons  (per  litre)  or  a  corresponding  amount  of  acetic  or 
formic  acid,  rinse  again,  soap  and  rinse  once  more. 


Algole  Scarlet  G  and  Algole  Pink  R  are  soaped  at  120°  Faht.  only, 
the  other  brands  at  the  boil. 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B,  Algole  Red  F  F  extra,  R  extra  and  Algole 
Pink  T  R  yield  the  clearest  shades  when,  after  squeezing  or  levelling  on  the 
post,  they  are  rinsed  at  once,  thoroughly  acidulated,  rinsed  again  and  vigor- 
ously soaped;  it  is  advisable  to  boil  up  the  soap  bath  twice  or  three  times. 

Directions  for  the  Hot-dyeing  Algole  and 
Leucole  Colours. 

MAlgole  Yellow  W  F,  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R,  Algole  Red  2  G, 
Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,    R,  -^Igole  Blue    C  F  *,  w<3  G,  uAlgole   Green    B, 
/Leucole  Dark  Green  B,  Algole  Olive  R,  Algole  Brown  G,  Rj-^leucole  Brown 
B,  Algole  Black  C  L.) 

Dissolving  the  Colour.  Stir  up  Algole  Black  CL  with  warm  water 
of  120 — 140°  Faht.  and  the  quantities  of  caustic  soda  and  hydrosulphite 
necessary  for  the  whole  dye-bath  and  allow  to  stand  for  '/^ — '/•>  hour. 

Algole  Yellow  W  F,  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R,  Algole  Red  2  G, 
Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R,  Algole  Olive  R  and  Algole  Brown  G,  R  are 
dissolved  in  the  same  way  as  the  cold-dyeing  Algoles. 

Algole  Green  B,  Leucole  Dark  Green  B,  Algole  Blue  C  F,  3  G  and 
Leucole  Brown  B  are  made  into  a  paste  with  a  little  water  of  about  130" 
Faht.  and  then  added  (through  a  sieve)  to  the  dye-bath  in  which  they  are  reduced. 

Preparation  of  the  Dye-bath.  In  the  case  of  Algole  Black  C  L 
and  of  those  Algoles  which  may  also  be  dyed  cold,  bring  the  bath,  which 
is  at  140°  Faht.,  into  a  good  condition  (if  necessary)  by  adding  per  10  imp. 
gallons  (100  litres) 

Vs— '/a  oz.  (16—26  cc)  caustic  soda  52°  Tw.  and 
Vs  oz.         (12  grms.)  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
afterwards  add  the  Glauber's  salt  and  then  the  colour-solution. 

When  dyeing  Algole  Green  B,  Leucole  Dark  Green  B,  Algole 
Blue  C  F  *,  3  G  and  Leucole  Brown  B,  add  the  amounts  of  caustic  soda  and 
hydrosulphite  mentioned  in  the  table  to  the  bath  (120°  Faht.),  then  the 
colour  which  has  been  made  into  a  paste  with  water  and  stir  slowly  until 
the  colour  is  dissolved. 

The  Dyeing  Operation.  Dye  Algole  Black  CL  for  ',2  hour  at  140° 
Faht.,  the  material  being  either  immersed  in  the  liquor  or  placed  on  straight 
sticks,  and  then  work  for  ^j— 1  hour  in  the  cooling-down  bath. 


Not  sold  in  U.  S.  A. 


In  the  case  of  tlic  other  colours,  enter  at  the  lower  temperature 
mentioned  in  the  table,  treat  for  10  minutes,  warm  slowly  up  to  the  higher 
temperature  (if  desired)  and  dye  altogether  for  about  1  hour,  either  immersed 
in  the  liquor  or  on  straight  sticks. 

After  dyeing,  squeeze  out  the  material,  air  Algole  Black  C  L  and 
the  Algoles  which  may  also  be  dyed  cold  for  Vi— V2  hour,  but  rinse  im- 
mediately in  the  case  of  Algole  Green  B,  Leucole  Dark  Green  B,  Algole 
Blue  C  F  ■■,  3  G  and  Leucole  Brown  B. 

After  this  acidulate  all  the  brands  in  a  cold  bath  with  3  —  5^/4  oz. 
(1—2  cc)  sulphuric  acid  168°  Tw.  or  P'l— 6V2  oz.  (1—4  cc)  acetic  acid 
30%,  or  the  corresponding  amount  of  formic  acid,  per  10  imp.  gallons  (per 
litre)  water,  rinse  thoroughly,  soap  warm  or  at  the  boil  and  then  rinse  once  more. 

Special  Recipe  for  Algole  Blue  CP'\  Leucole  Dark 
Green  B,  Leucole  Brown  B 

Add  to  the  dye-bath  (120"  Faht.),  per  20  gallons  (100  litres), 
2'  2    3  quarts  (3—4  litres)    caustic  soda  52  "  Tw. 
2—6  lb.         (1-3  kilos.)  dextrine  or  grape  sugar  (previously 

dissolved  in  water) 
4-6  lb.         (2—3  kilos.)  Glauber's  salt  cryst., 
according  to  the  depth  of  the  required  shade,   and  the  colour  which  has 
been  made  into  a  paste  with  water.     Afterwards,  enter  the  material,  raise  to 
the  boil  within  V2  hour  and  allow  to  boil  gently  for  "2  hour.    Then  squeeze 
out,  rinse  at  once,  acidulate,  rinse,  soap  and  rinse  as  stated  above. 

Recipe  for  Brome  Indigo  F  B. 

Dissolving  the  Colour.  Stir  up  the  colour  with  hot  water,  add 
the  caustic  soda  and  slowly  sprinkle  in  the  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F. 
pdr.  whilst  stirring  well.  When  adding  the  hydrosulphite,  the  temperature 
of  the  solution  should  not  exceed  120—140"  Faht.;  only  in  the  case  of  the 
powder  quality  is  a  solution  of  140—160°  Faht.  employed. 
Example: 
Stir  up  2  lb.  (1  kilogram)  Brome  Indigo  FB  paste  with  about 

2  gallons.  (10  litres)  water,  and  then  add 

IV4  lb.  (630  grams  or  500  cc)  caustic  soda  52"  Tw.  and 
V2  lb.     (250  grams)  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 

(The  solution  must  be  of  a  clear,  golden  yellow  shade.) 


Not  sold  in  U.  S.  A. 


Preparation  of  the  Dye-bath.  As  a  rule,  it  is  not  necessary  to 
bring  the  dye-liquor  into  a  good  condition  beforehand,  for  the  quantities 
of  caustic  soda  and  hydrosulphite  given  for  dissolving  or  reducing  the 
colour  will  generally  be  found  sufficient  to  keep  the  vat  in  a  good  state. 
Only  in  the  case  of  light  shades,  is  it  advisable  to  "prepare"  the  liquor. 
This  is  effected  by  using 

''3— V2  oz.  (16  —  26  cc)  caustic  soda  52''  Tw.  and 

''5  oz.  (12  grms.)     hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
per  10  imp.  gallons  (100  litres)  liquor. 

The  Dyeing  Operation.  Dye  for  ''2— 1  hour  at  120— 140  <*  Faht. 
In  the  case  of  light  shades,  it  is  best  to  enter  at  85—95 "  Faht.  and  to 
raise  the  temperature  slowly  up  to  120 — 140°  Faht.  The  material  should 
have  the  same  clear,  golden  yellow  shade  as  the  vat;  if  this  is  not  the  case, 
a  little  more  caustic  soda  and  hydrosulphite  must  be  added. 

After  dyeing,  squeeze  the  material  well  and  then  air;  a  slight  rinsing 
may  also  be  given  immediately  after  squeezing  and  before  airing.  After- 
wards, acidulate  in  a  hot  bath  with  3  oz.  (1  cc)  sulphuric  acid  168"  Tw. 
or  3' 2— 5  oz.  (2—3  cc)  acetic  acid  30%  or  dilute  formic  acid  per  10  gallons 
(per  litre)  water;  rinse  again  and,  if  considered  necessary,  soap  at  the  boil. 

Recipe  for  Alizarine  Indigo  G. 

Dissolving  the  Colour.     Stir  up  10  lb.  (5  kilos.)  Alizarine  Indigo  G 
paste  with  1V4~2  quarts  (1.5—2.5  litres)  glue  solution  1  :5  until  the  colour 
is  thoroughly  wetted  out  or  a  paste  formed.  Afterwards  add,  whilst  stirring  well, 
P4  quarts  (  2  litres)  caustic  soda  52°  Tw.  then 
5  gallons    (25      „    )  water  of  120—140°  Faht. 
and  finally  sprinkle  in,  little  by  little, 

3  lb.  (1.5  kilos.)  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
By  stirring  slowly,  the  colour  is  dissolved  in  about  20  minutes;  the 
solution  is  yellow. 

Preparation  of  the  Dye-bath.  To  20  gallons  (100  litres)  hot  water 
of  160°  Faht.  add 

-5  oz.  (12.5  grms.)  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr, 

V4    „    (  6.5  cc      )  caustic  soda  52  °  Tw. 
and  afterwards  the  colour-solution.     Should  a  little  residue  be  left,  stir  it  up 
with  glue  and  rinse  out  with  the  liquor. 


14 


The  Dyeing  Operation.  Enter  the  material  at  160"  Faht.  and, 
without  increasing  the  temperature,  treat  for  Vi— 1  hour  immersed  in  the 
liquor.  After  this  squeeze  out,  air  or  oxidise  for  V4  hour,  rinse  and  soap 
at  the  boil  in  a  strong  soap  bath. 

Recipes  for  Alizarine  Indigo  7  G  and  Alizarine 
Indigo  Red  B. 

Dissolving  the  Colour.  Stir  up  the  colour  with  a  little  water  of 
105°  Faht.,  add  the  quantities  of  caustic  soda  and  hydrosulphite  necessary 
for  the  whole  bath,  stir  and  allow  to  stand  until  the  colour  is  entirely  dissolved. 

When  dissolving  Alizarine  Indigo  7G,  a  little  Monopole  Soap  may 
be  used. 

Preparation  of  the  Dye-bath  &  the  Dyeing  Operation.  The  ne- 
cessary amounts  of  caustic  soda  and  hydrosulphite  are  most  suitably  calcu- 
lated on  the  weight  of  the  material,  the  Monopole  Soap  and  the  Glauber's 
salt  on  the  volume  of  liquor. 

The  following  are  the  appropriate  quantities  to  take: 

Alizarine  Indigo  7  G  paste  5%  107o  207o 

Caustic  soda  52 '^  Tw.  (in  fluid  lb.  &  oz.)  6%  67o  127o 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr.  37o  37o  67o 

Monopole  Soap  per  20  galls.  (100  litres)  liquor     IV2  oz.        IV2  oz.         3  oz. 

(SOgrms.)  (50grms.)  (lOOgrms.) 

Add  the  colour-solution  to  the  hot  bath  (about  ITS"  Faht.),  stir 
and  allow  to  stand  for  a  short  time. 

Dye  for  ='/4— 1  hour  at  the  above  temperature  immersed  in  the 
liquor.  Afterwards  squeeze  out,  air  for  'A— V2  hour,  rinse  and  soap  at  the  boil. 

Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B  paste                                57o  107o            207o 

Caustic  soda  52  «  Tw.  (in  fluid  lb.  &  oz.)          67o  67o            107o 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr.                    37o  37o              47o 

Glauber'ssaltcryst.  per  20  galls.  (100  litres)  liquor  4  lb.  8  lb.          16  lb. 

(2  kilos.)  (4  kilos.)     (8  kilos.) 
First  dissolve  the  Glauber's  salt    in  the   liquor   and  then   add  the 

colour-solution.  Stir,  allow  to  stand  for  a  few  minutes  and  afterwards  enter 
the  material. 


15 


Dye  at  the  ordinary  temperature  for  ^U — 1  hour  immersed  in  the 
liquor,  wring  off  the  material,  air  for  ',4— '2  hour,  rinse  and  soap  at  the  boil. 

Aftertreatment 
to  increase  the  Fastness  to  Boiling  of  Alizarine  Indigo  G  &  7  G. 

Prepare  a  fresh  bath  with 
2—3%  bichrome 
2 — 3%  copper  sulphate  and 

3 — 4%  acetic  acid  307o  (or  dilute  formic  acid  1  :  4) 
and  work  for  V2  hour  at  175 — 195°  Faht. 

Aftertreatment  to  accelerate  the  Oxidation  of  the 
Algole  &  Leucole  Colours. 

It  is  advisable  to  aftertreat  combination  shades  (especially  on  piece- 
goods)  with  bichrome. 

Allow  the  goods  to  pass  out  of  the  dye-jig  through  squeezing  rollers 
direct  into  a  second  jig  containing,  according  to  the  depth  of  the  shade, 
1 — 27o  bichrome  and 

4 — 8%  acetic  acid  30%  (or  the  corresponding  amount  of  formic  acid), 
treat  for  '4  hour  at  140 — 175"  Faht.,  rinse  well  and  soap. 

Recently  sodium  perborate  has  been  used  with  very  good  results 
for  aftertreating  loose  material,  yarn  and  pieces. 

Prepare  a  fresh,  warm  bath  of  105  110  •  Faht.,  according  to  the 
depth  of  the  shade,  with 

3\i    9^/4  oz.  (100—300  grms.)  perborate  and 

6V2— 13  „  (200—400  „  )  acetic  acid  30%  (or  a  corresponding 
amount  of  formic  acid) 
per  20  gallons  (100  litres)  liquor.  Enter  the  material  immediately  after 
squeezing  out,  gradually  raise  the  temperature  to  about  160"  Faht.,  treat  for 
about  20 — 30  minutes,  rinse  and  soap.  The  perborate  is  added  in  two 
portions  at  105"  Faht.  In  most  cases,  however,  it  suffices  to  treat  at  llO** 
Faht.  only,  and  to  add  the  perborate  in  one  portion. 

For  pink  and  red  shades  fast  to  chlorine,  an  aftertreatment  with  a 
solution  of  bleaching  powder  may  be  recommended. 

Note:  When  aftertreating  with  bichrome  or  perborate,  enough  acid 
must  be  taken  to  completely  neutralise  the  alkali  brought  into  the  bath  with 
the  material.     The  bath  must  react  slightly  acid  until  the  end  of  the  operation. 


16 


The  Dyeing  of  Yarn  in  the  Hank. 

Before  dyeing,  scour  the  yarn  as  usual  with  soda  or  soap  and  soda. 
The  dyeing  operation  is  generally  carried  out  in  wooden  vats  but  iron  vessels 
are  also  suitable. 

When  dyeing  above  the  liquor,  use  straight  wooden  sticks;  when 
the  goods  are  to  be  immersed  in  the  lirjuor,  use  bent  pipes.  The  pre- 
paration of  tiie  dyc-batii  and  the  duration  of  the  dyeing  operation  are  as 
given  in  the  general  directions.  It  remains  to  be  mentioned  that  the  material 
must  be  turned  more  frequently  when  dyeing  above  tlie  liquor  than  when 
dyeing  under  the  liquor. 

After  dyeing,  squeeze  out  gently  and  then,  except  in  the  case  of 
those  colours  which  should  be  rinsed  immediately,  hang  up  for  'A — V2  hour 
at  full  width  so  that  the  air  may  penetrate  the  material  well.  Afterwards 
rinse,  acidulate,  rinse  again,  soap  and  rinse. 

If  the  material  is  aftertreated,  it  is,  of  course,  unnecessary  to  air  and 
acidulate. 

Example: 

Dye  50  lb.  (25  kilos.)  cotton  yarn  with 

2V4  oz.  (70  grms.)  Algole  Yellow  R  pdr.  and 
1V4  oz.  (40      „    )  Algole  Yellow  3  G  pdr. 
After  working  for  ^'4  hour,  squeeze  out  twice  in  the  dye-bath,  stick  for  stick, 
with  two  rods,  and  place  at  once  in  the  oxidising  bath  which  is  at  115**  Faht. 
and  which  contains 

1  lb.  (500  grms.)  sodium  perborate  and 
1  lb.  9  oz.  or  r/r,  pints  (750  cc)  acetic  acid  30% 
per  100  gallons  (500  litres)  water.     Turn   three  times   and   rinse  lukewarm. 
(For  light  shades,    a   prolonged    treatment  and   a   subsequent  soaping  are 
scarcely  necessary.) 

Linen  yarn  is,  as  a  rule,  merely  rinsed  once  cold  and  once  hot  after 
the  wringing  and  airing  operations,  in  order  to  avoid  a  tendering  of  the 
fibre.  This  is  especially  the  case  with  light  shades.  The  afterlreatment  with 
perborate  may  also  be  applied  to  linen  yarn. 

Artificial  silk  is  dyed  as  described  above  but  great  care  must  be 
exercised  when  squeezing  and  levelling  on  the  post  owing  to  the  sensitive- 
ness of  the  material.  A  severe  stretching  is  to  be  avoided;  the  squeezing 
and  levelling  had  better  be  done  by  hand. 


The  Dyeing  of  Cops,  Cheeses  and  Warp-beams 
in  Machines. 

It  is  advisable  to  use  apparatuses  with  iron  or  nickeline  fittings  (but 
not  with  copper  fittings).  Macliines  that  are  completely  closed  and  furnished 
with  rotatory  pumps  will  be  found  very  suitable. 

Before  dyeing,  wet  or  boil  out  the  material  thoroughly  with  Mono- 
pole  Soap  or  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil  and  a  little  soda.  After  boiling  out, 
rinse  and  squeeze  off  by  means  of  compressed  air. 

After  dyeing,  hydroe.xtract  by  means  of  vacuum  and  oxidise. 
Examples: 

Pink  on  200  lb.  (100  kilos)  bleached  cheeses,  dyed  in  the  Cohnen 
Centrifugal  Dyeing  Machine  (180  gallons  or  900  litres  liquor). 

Wet  out  the  material  for  1  hour  with  '  -  gallon  (2.5  litres)  Monopole 
Brilliant  Oil  and  2  lb.  (1  kilo.)  soda  ash  and  rinse.    Dj^e  for  1' 2  hours  with 
9V2  oz  (300  grms.)  Algole  Red  B  pdr. 
13      „    (400      „    )  Algole  Red  5  G  pdr. 
10    lb.  or  3' 4  quarts  (4000  cc)  caustic  soda  52^  Tw. 
2^/5  lb.  (1300  grms.)  hydrosulphite  cone  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
VU  quarts  (1500  cc)  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil 
20  lb.  (10  kilos.)  Glauber's  salt  cryst. 
Afterwards  hydroextract  thoroughly,  rinse  well;   prepare  a  fresh   bath   with 
an  addition  of  nearly  5  gallons  (24  litres)  chloride  of  lime  solution  4'2''Tw., 
treat  the  material  in  it  for  20    30  minutes  at  85°  Faht.  and  then  rinse. 

Light  blue  on  66  lb.  (33  kilos.)  warp-beam,  dyed  in  a  closed 
machine  made  by  the  Zittauer  Maschinenfabrik  (about  125  gallons  or  625 
litres  water). 

Wet  out  the  material  for  '  2  hour  with 

1'  2  pints  (1000  cc)  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil  and 
1  lb.  (500  grms.)      soda  ash, 
rinsecold  for  5  minutes,   repeat  the  rinsing  operation  and   then   force  out 
the  liquor  by  means  of  compressed  air. 
The  dyeing  operation: 

Mix  into  a  paste  9  oz.  (280  grms.)  Algole  Blue  CF  pdr.  with 
1  pint  (600  cc)      Monopole  Brilliant  Oil  and 
1  gall.  (5  litres)     boiling  water  and  then  add 
4'  4  pints  (3  litres)  caustic  soda  52  °  Tw. 
and  as  much  cold  water  as  will  bring  the  temperature  down  to  about  140"  Faht. 


18 


Add  to  the  warm  bath  of  95-105"  Faht. 
17'/2  lb.  or  5'/2  qts.  (7000  cc)  caustic  soda  52  °  Tw.,  and  then 
2  lb.  6  oz.  (1200  grms.)  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
which  has  been  previously  stirred  up  with  water.  Afterwards  add  the  colour- 
solution.     At  first,  dye  for  10  minutes  at  about  105°  Faht.  and  then  warm 
up  to  140"  Faht.  within  20  minutes  and  continue  working  for  ^/i  hour  with 
steam  turned  off.     During  the  dyeing  operation,   the  direction  of  the  dye- 
liquor  is  reversed  every  5  minutes. 

After  dyeing,  pump  out  the  liquor,  squeeze   out  the  material  twice 
by  means  of  compressed  air,  oxidise  for  'U  hour  at  115'^  Faht.  with 
IV2  lb.  (800  grms.)  perborate  and 
5'/4  lb.  or  V2  gall.  (2500  cc)  acetic  acid  30%, 
wash  for  5  minutes  and  squeeze  out  once  with  compressed  air. 

Orange  on  84  lb.  (42    kilos)  warp  beams,   dyed  in   the  Schubert 
machine  with  compressed  air  and  vacuum  (240  gallons  or  1200  litres  liquor). 
Wet  out  in  10  passages  with 
V4  gallon  (1200  cc)  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil  and 
1  lb.  (500  grms.)     soda  ash, 
rinse,  squeeze  out  and  soak  in 

IV4  lb.  or  3V4  gills  (500  cc)       caustic  soda  52"  Tw.  and 

6V..  oz.    (200  grms.)  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
Afterwards  dye,  making  the  additions  mentioned  below. 

1st  Bath.  2nd  and  following 

Baths. 
Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  pdr.    l'/-.  lb.      (700  grms.)  IVio  lb.      (550  grms.) 
Caustic  soda  52  °  Tw.  37^  qts.   (4500  cc)        23/4  qts.  (3500  cc) 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.F.  pdr.   5  1b.       (2500  grms.)  4  lb.       (2000  grms.) 
Monopole  Brilliant  Oil  lV2pints.(1000  cc)         1 ','2  gills    (250  cc) 

Glauber's  salt  cryst.  80  lb.    (40000  grms.)  10  lb.     (5000  grms.) 

Dye  cold  for  about  IV2-2  hours  in  14  passages,  apply  com- 
pressed air  4  times  and  then  vacuum  4  times,  rinse,  acidulate  with  l'/2 
pints  (1  litre)  acetic  acid,  rinse,  soap  at  the  boil  with  2  lb.  (1  kilo.) 
olive  oil  soap  and  rinse  once  more. 

Light  indigo  blue  on  68  lb,  (34  kilos.)  warp  beams,  dyed  in  the 
Haubold  Warp  Dyeing  Machine  (60  gallons  or  300  litres  liquor) 
Scour  the  material  for  V2  hour  with 

IV2  pints  (1000  cc)  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil. 


Dye  with 
2  lb.   6  oz.   (1200   grms.)    Brome   Indigo   FB   paste  which  has   been 

reduced  at  120"  Faht.  with 
1"4  lb.  or  4' 2  gills  (700  cc)  caustic  soda  52'-'  Tw.  and 
1   lb.  1'^  oz.  (550  grms.)     hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
Then  add 

1  pint  (600  cc)  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil, 
begin  dyeing  at  105°  Faht.,  warm  slowly  up  to  140°  Faht.  and  work  at 
this  temperature  for  1  hour.  Afterwards  hydroe.xiract  by  means  of  vacuum, 
treat  tor  10  minutes  at  105°  Faht.  with  13  oz.  (400  grms.)  sodium  perbor- 
ate, rinse,  acidulate  at  140"  Faht.  with  IV2  pints  (1000  cc)  acetic  acid  and  rinse. 
In  addition  to  the  dyeing  machines  mentioned  here,  there 
are  others  which  give  equally  good  results. 

The  Dyeing 
of  Cotton,  Linen  and  Half-linen  Pieces. 

For  wetting  out  and  dyeing,  it  is  best  to  use  a  jig  fitted  with  a 
pair  of  squeezing  rollers.  Two  jigs  should  be  placed  in  such  a  way  that 
the  rinsing  or  oxidising  operation  can  be  carried  out  directly  after  dyeing. 

It  is  advisable  to  wet  out  the  goods  in  a  boiling  bath  with  an 
addition  of 

5"o  potassium  carbonate  and 
2%  Monopole  Soap. 

Pass  the  goods  once  through  the  above  bath  and  dry  goods  that 
are  difficult  to  penetrate  without  rinsing;  in  the  case  of  goods  which  are 
more  easily  penetrated,  give  a  slight  rinsing  and  do  not  dry. 

Dye  for  ^A — 1  hour  in  the  ordinary  jig  (with  rollers  above  the 
liquorj,  increasing  the  quantities  of  caustic  soda  and  hydrosulphite  by  '  5-^4. 
When  dyeing  in  the  jig  with  submerged  rollers,  the  quantities  given  in  the 
table  hold  good. 

Dissolve  the  colour  and  prepare  the  dye-bath  in  the  usual  way. 
Add  the  Glauber's  salt  in  two  portions,  using  the  second  half  after  dyeing 
for  about  V2  hour. 

In  the  case  of  pieces  that  are  difficult  to  penetrate,  the  hot-dyeing 
colours  yield  the  best  results.  After  a  piece  has  passed  through  the  jigger, 
stir  up  the  liquor  gently  before  reversing  the  action  of  the  rollers. 


20 


After  dyeing,  allow  the  goods  to  pass  through  the  squeezers  direct 
into  a  second  jig  containing 

l-~27o  bichrome  and 

4 — 8%  acetic  acid  or  a  corresponding  amount  of  formic  acid, 
work   for   'i   hour  at    140-175"  Falit.,   rinse   well   and   soap.     (This  after- 
treatment  is  especially  well  adapted  for  combination  shades.) 

When  aftertreating  with  perborate,  the  pieces  should  also  be  passed 
through  the  squeezers  direct  into  a  second  jig. 

Examples: 

Light  blue  on  half  bleached  linen  for  Schlierseer  jackets.  5  jackets 
--  150  lb.  (75  kilos). 

Wet  out  the  articles  at  the  boil  with 

3      lb.  (1500  grms.)  Monopole  Soap  and 
IVi..  lb.  (  750      „    )  soda  ash, 
squeeze  off  and  dry.     Prepare  the  dye-bath  with 

1  lb.  3  oz.  (600  grms.)  Algole  Blue  CF  pdr. 

22'/2  lb.  or  l*k  galls.  (9000  cc)  caustic  soda  52  "  Tw. 
3  lb.  9V2  oz.  (1800  grms.)  hydrosulphite  cone.  B.A.S.F.  pdr. 

1  lb.  0  oz.  (500  grms.)  Monopole  Soap. 

Enter  the  dry  material,  give  two  ends  at  120"  Faht.  and  8  ends  at 
140"  Faht.,  squeeze  out  and  treat  at  a  uniform  speed  in  a  second  jig  with 
3  lb.      (1500  grms.)  bichrome  and 
1  gall.  (5000  cc)        acetic  acid. 
Afterwards  wash  cold  and  hot. 

Blue  on  trimmings  for  bathing  costumes.  2  lengths  of  mercerised 
and  bleached  sateen        45  lb.  (22.5  kilos.). 

Wet  out  at  the  boil  with  an  addition  of 

I'u  pints  (1000  cc)  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil  and 
1  lb.  (500  grms.)      soda  ash. 
Give  8  passages  and  then  rinse. 

Dye  cold  in  50  gallons  (250  litres)  liquor  with 
13  oz.  (400  grms.)  Algole  Blue  3R  pdr. 

7V2  lb.  or  2V2  qts.  (3000  cc)    caustic  soda  52  "  Tw. 
2  lb.  6V2  oz.  (1200  grms.)        hydrosulphite  cone.  B.A.S.F.  pdr. 
3V4  gills  (500  cc)  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil 

24  lb.  (12000  grms.)  Glauber's  salt  cryst. 


21 


Give  12  passages,  squeeze  off  and  treat  at  a  uniform  speed  in  a 
second  jig  containing  an  addition  of 

3  lb.     (1500  grms.)  bichrome  and 
1   gall.        (5000  cc)  acetic  acid. 
After  giving  4  ends  at  175"  Faht.,  rinse  and  soap  at  the  boil  with 
1   lb.  13  oz.  (900  grms.)  curd  soap  and 
6"-  oz.  (200  grms.)  soda  ash, 
and  finally  rinse  once  more. 

In  the  case  of  Brome  Indigo  F  B,  Alizarine  Indigo  G,  7G 
and  Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B,  the  material  is  oxidised  by  passing  over 
rollers.  The  method  of  dyeing  is  similar  to  that  employed  for  indigo,  but 
these  colours  level  considerably  better. 


22 


Tlie   raw   silk  is  very 
slightly  tinged. 


The  Dyeing  of  Silk  Yarn. 

The  dyeing  is  carried  out  as  stated  for  cotton.  As  a  rule,  the  cold- 
dyeing  Algoles  are  preferred  to  the  hot-dyeing  ones,  since  the  quantities 
of  caustic  soda  necessary  for  the  former  class  of  colours  cannot  have  a 
detrimental  effect  on  the  silk  fibre  owing  to  the  low  temperature  of  the  bath. 
For  the  stronger  kinds  of  silk  yarn,  e.  g.  embroidery  yarn,  the  hot- 
dyeing  Algoles  and  Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B,  Alizarine  Indigo  G,  7  G  and 
Brome  Indigo  F  B  are  also  used. 

The    following   colours   withstand    degumming    and  bleaching  with 
hydrogen  peroxide  alongside  raw  silk  and  cotton: 
Red:         Algole  Bordeaux  3B 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B 
Algole  Red  B,  FF  extra,  2G,  5  G,  R  extra 
Algole  Pink  T  R 
Orange:  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR  (turns  lighter) 

Algole  Orange  R 
Yellow:    Algole  Yellow  3  G,  3  G  L,  R,  WF 
Green :     Algole  Green  B 
Blue:       Algole  Blue  C  F,  3  G,  K,  3R 
Alizarine  Indigo  G,  7  G 
Brome  Indigo  F  B 
Violet:     Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R 

Algole  Corinth  R 
Brown :    Algole  Brown  G,  R 

Lcucole  Brown  B 
Olive:       Algole  Olive  R 
Grey:       Algole  Grey  B,  2  B 

Black:      Algole  Black  RO  (the  raw  silk  is  tinged  green  but  only  to  a  very 
slight  extent.) 


23 


Comparative  Strength  of  the  Paste  and  Powder 
Qualities. 

In  the  case  of  Algole  Pink  TR,  1  part  powder  is  equal  to  5V2  parts 
paste.  For  all  tiie  other  Algole  and  Leucole  colours  the  proportion  is 
1:8,  and  for  Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B,  Alizarine  Indigo  G,  7G  and 
Brome  Indigo  FB  1:5. 

Tabulated  Recipes. 

The  quantities  of  caustic  soda  and  hydrosuiphite  are  calculated  on 
the  \yeight  of  the  material  and  hold  good  for  a  volume  of  liquor  of  4  :  1 
--  30 :  1  of  goods.  If  the  dyeing  is  carried  out  in  a  liquor  longer  than 
30  :  1  (which,  generally  speaking,  is  not  likely  to  be  the  case)  or  if  piece- 
goods  are  dyed  in  the  ordinary  jigger,  the  quantities  are  to  be  increased  by 
Vr,— V4.  The  amount  of  Glauber's  salt  always  depends  on  the  volume  of 
the  liquor.  Instead  of  Glauber's  salt  cryst.,  half  as  much  Glauber's  salt 
calc.  or  common  salt  or  soda  ash  may  be  used. 


Colour  in  Paste  Form 

Temperature 

for 

Dissolving 

Caustic  Soda 

52  "  Tvl. 
(calculated 
by  vwlume 
i.  e.  in  fluid 
lb.  &  oz.) 

Hydrosui- 
phite cone. 
B.n.S.F. 
Pdr. 

QIaubei's 
Salt  Cryst. 

per  10  imp'. 
Galls, 

Temperature 

of 

Dye-bath 

Soaping 

2,5% 

Algole  Yellow  3  G 

85-95" 

2,5% 

2% 

1     lb 

70—750 

at  the  boil 

5   „ 

»           It          ,, 

Faht. 

3,5, 

3. 

2     „ 

Faht. 

„ 

10  , 

„           „          ,, 

„ 

5     . 

4, 

4     . 

„ 

„ 

20  „ 

. 

8     . 

6  . 

8     , 

„ 

„ 

40  „ 

, 

, 

13     . 

8, 

12     „ 

. 

„ 

2,5  „ 

„       3  G  L 

, 

2,5  „ 

2. 

1     , 

„ 

boiling 

5     „ 

n                        ..                     ., 

„ 

3,5  „ 

3„ 

2     „ 

„ 

thoroughly 

10  „ 

n                     »                  ,, 

^ 

5     „ 

4  „ 

4     . 

„ 

, 

20  „ 

8     , 

6, 

8     , 

„ 

40  „ 

n 

, 

13     , 

8„ 

12     , 

„ 

2,.5  „ 

Leucole  Yellow  G 

2,5  „ 

2. 

1     . 

„ 

at  the  boil 

5     „ 

„             „         ,, 

, 

3,5  „ 

3„ 

2     . 

„ 

„ 

10  „ 

«             ,t         ,, 

^ 

4,5  „ 

4  . 

4     , 

„ 

„ 

20  . 

M                                    „                        ,, 

6,5. 

6. 

8    . 

. 

. 

40  „ 

n                       •                ,t 

11     . 

8. 

12     , 

, 

„ 

2,5  „ 

Algole  Yellow  R 

, 

3     , 

2  „ 

I     , 

. 

, 

5     . 

*           "1, 

„ 

4     „ 

3. 

2     , 

„ 

10     r 

„ 

^ 

6  .  „ 

4  . 

4     „ 

20  . 

. 

^ 

10     . 

6. 

8     „ 

. 

, 

40  . 

„ 

14     , 

8„ 

12     . 

, 

. 

2,5. 

".           ,      WF 

3,5  „ 

2 

1     , 

70—750 

„ 

5     , 

, 

, 

5     , 

3. 

2     „ 

Faht.  or 

10  , 

, 

, 

6     . 

4„ 

4     „ 

120-1400 

, 

20  „ 

8     . 

6  . 

8     „ 

Faht. 

„ 

40  „ 

. 

13     . 

8„ 

16     . 

. 

. 

Colour  in  Paste  Form 

Temperature 

for 

Dissolving 

Caustrc  Soda 
52  »  TW. 
(calculated 
by,'Voluine 
i.e.  in  fluid 
lb.  &  oz.) 

Hydrosul- 
phite  cone. 

B.  n.s.F. 

Pdr. 

Glauber's 

Salt  Crysl. 

per  10  imp. 

Galls 

Temperature 

of 

Dye-bath 

Soaping 

2,5  % 

Algole  Brill.  Orange  FR 

85—95  0 

3    % 

9  0/ 

1     lb 

70—75" 

at  the  boil 

5       „ 

„           ,.         » 

Faht. 

4     „ 

3„ 

2     „ 

Faht.  or 

10     „ 

n                   ,,                    „                » 

„ 

6     „ 

4, 

4     „ 

105-120" 

20     . 
40     „ 

- 

' 

10     „ 
14     , 

6„ 
8. 

8     , 
12     . 

Faht. 

2,5    , 

Algnle  Orange  R 

„ 

6     „ 

2. 

1     „ 

70-75" 

5       , 

„            „       ,, 

„ 

7     , 

3. 

2     . 

Faht. 

10     „ 

„ 

8     „ 

4. 

4     „ 

„ 

20     . 

„            •       ,, 

„ 

10     . 

6  „ 

8     „ 

40     , 

14     „ 

8, 

12     , 

° 

2,5    „ 

Algole  Red  5  0 

7     „ 

2. 

1     „ 

5       „ 

„           „      ,, 

9     , 

3. 

2     „ 

I'J     . 

»      ,, 

11     , 

4. 

4     „ 

20     , 

.      ,1 

14     „ 

6„ 

8     „ 

40     . 

„           „      ,, 

17     . 

8„ 

12     „ 

2,5    , 

„   20 

4     „ 

2„ 

2     „ 

70-75" 

5       . 

,1 

5     „ 

3„ 

4     , 

Faht.  or 

10     . 

„ 

6     „ 

4„ 

8     „ 

105-120" 

20     . 

,. 

9     „ 

6. 

12     , 

Faht. 

40     „ 

„           „      ,, 

14     ., 

8, 

16     „ 

2,5    „ 

Algule  Scarlet  0 

„ 

7     . 

2. 

1     „ 

70-75" 

at  120" 

5       „ 

„         ,, 

9     . 

3, 

2     , 

Faht. 

Faht. 

10     „ 

„            „ 

, 

11     ., 

4„ 

4     „ 

20     „ 

„            „         ,, 

14     ,. 

6. 

8     . 

40     „ 

„            „         ,, 

„ 

17     „ 

8» 

12     . 

2,5    „ 

Algole  Pink  R 

„ 

4     ., 

2, 

3     „ 

5       „ 

™         .       ,, 

„ 

5     „ 

3„ 

6     . 

10     „ 

,, 

„ 

7     „ 

4. 

12     „ 

20     . 

„ 

„ 

9     , 

6. 

15     . 

. 

40     „ 

»         ,.       ,, 

„ 

13     . 

8„ 

20     „ 

1,75  „ 

„     TR 

105—120" 

3     „ 

2, 

1     , 

„ 

boiling 

3,5    . 

.. 

Faht. 

5    , 

3„ 

2     „ 

, 

thoroughly 

7       , 

. 

„ 

7,5. 

4. 

4     . 

. 

U     „ 

1,         »       ,, 

„ 

10     „ 

6„ 

8     . 

28     . 

„ 

„ 

14     „ 

8„ 

12     „ 

2,5    „ 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B 

„ 

3     , 

2„ 

1     . 

] 

5       „ 

„           ,,           »      ,, 

„ 

5     . 

3. 

2     „ 

„ 

10     „ 

,, 

„ 

7,5  „ 

4„ 

4     . 

. 

20     „ 

„           ,      „ 

, 

11     . 

6, 

8     „ 

„ 

40     , 

„ 

15     „ 

8. 

12     . 

2,5    „ 

Algole  Red  FF  extra 

„ 

3     „ 

2. 

1     . 

5      . 

., 

, 

5     , 

3, 

2     . 

. 

10     , 

„ 

7,5. 

4. 

4     , 

„ 

20     „ 

„         ,       „        „ 

11     . 

6. 

8     . 

. 

, 

40     , 

. 

15     . 

8. 

12     , 

, 

2,5    „ 

„      R  extra 

„ 

3     , 

2. 

1     „ 

. 

5      . 

n                an,, 

^ 

5     . 

3. 

2     . 

. 

10    . 



n 

7,5, 

4. 

4     . 

- 

25 


D.   H.   HILL  LIBRARY 

North  Carolina  State  College 


Ctiloiir   IT    Paste  Forrr 

TemperBtiJTie 

for 

Dissolpins 

S2«Tliu 

iaiatakBi 
tr^  vohHDt 
i.  £.  ai  fhiia 
Ih.  k  ox.' 

pMecMC 
K.H.S.F. 

per  lt»  ijBttL 

ftye-tatr 

ST;rr'"Tr 

20    % 

Algole  Red  R  extra 

1115—120' 

11     \ 

6\ 

8    ■» 

1  70-75* 

^rtTVmr 

40     , 

«         ».    1,      tp 

Fahl 

15    . 

8  . 

12    . 

1     FabL 

ijtawmiWy 

2,5    . 

„    B 

85-95* 

9^. 

2  , 

1     , 

, 

alOteboa 

5      , 

r                  >         n 

Faht 

10    . 

3  . 

2     , 

, 

10    , 

*                  •         „ 

, 

12     , 

4  . 

4     . 

20    . 

«                  «         n 

J-5      . 

6  . 

8     . 

■30     „ 

.                  •         >• 

17     . 

8  . 

12    , 

2,5    . 

Algo^e  Bordeaia  3  B 

, 

a4. 

2  . 

1     . 

, 

5       . 

, 

5    , 

3  . 

2    . 

, 

10    , 

»                                  T.                                 » 

, 

8     , 

4  , 

4    , 

, 

30    . 

»                                   „                                  • 

„ 

n    , 

6  , 

8    , 

, 

40     , 

,                                   „                                  , 

, 

16    , 

S  . 

12    , 

, 

2^    . 

Algole  Corinth    R 

, 

3,5, 

2 

2    , 

, 

5      . 

»            ..        „ 

, 

5    » 

3  , 

4    , 

, 

• 

10     , 

r                        •                ,. 

, 

8    . 

4  . 

6    . 

m 

20    , 

,.                        »                ., 

, 

13    . 

6  , 

10    . 

, 

40     , 

r                        ,■                „ 

, 

18    . 

8  , 

12    . 

w 

2^    . 

Algote  BrilL  Viokl  2  B 

105-120' 

4     . 

2  . 

1    . 

?0— 75» 

5      . 

*                          -M                           •                       * 

FaM. 

6    . 

3. 

2    . 

FdiOL 

10     . 

.              „              .           r 

, 

9    . 

4. 

4    , 

105— 130" 

. 

20    . 

.„,.,. 

, 

14    . 

6  . 

S    . 

FaUL 

40     . 

,              „              ,            , 

, 

30    , 

8  . 

12    . 

2^   , 

.      R 

, 

4     , 

2  , 

1     . 

5      . 

.        „        .       . 

, 

6     , 

3  . 

2    , 

10    , 

.                 T.                  r              » 

, 

Q 

4  . 

4     , 

30    . 

.                  „                   ,.               , 

U     , 

6  , 

8    , 

, 

40     . 

„                    ,.                    .                 r 

2li     , 

8, 

12    , 

2,5    , 

Algole  Yiolel  B 

4     , 

2 

1     . 

70-75' 

5 

r                    m              T, 

,. 

6     , 

3  , 

2    . 

FaM. 

10     . 

r, 

9     . 

4  , 

4    . 

30     . 

■n 

, 

14    . 

6  . 

8    . 

40     . 

T                       »               « 

, 

20     , 

8  , 

12    , 

2,5    . 

Algole  Blue  3R 

, 

4     , 

■-) 

1     . 

5      . 

,. 

, 

6     , 

3  I 

2    . 

10    , 

. 

» 

S    , 

4  , 

*    . 

30     , 

»          „       » 

, 

14     , 

6  . 

8    . 

40     , 

,.                            T,                   . 

, 

39    « 

8  , 

12    , 

2.5    . 

„     K 

, 

•    2^, 

2  , 

1    , 

5      . 

■r. 

, 

4     , 

3  . 

2    . 

10    . 

»                   .           n 

, 

7     , 

4  . 

4    . 

30    , 

. 

, 

11     . 

6  , 

8    . 

40    . 

■,. 

, 

16     , 

8  , 

12    . 

2^   . 

„   CF 

120—140" 

20    . 

2  , 

— 

lao— 140 

5      . 

«                   ».          -n 

FalaL 

24     , 

3  . 

— 

Fdm. 

10    . 

tt                     r           -r. 

, 

28    . 

4  , 

— 

, 

30    , 

r                      *           -r, 

, 

32    .      , 

6  . 

— 

, 

40     . 

y                   ■»          Ti 

^ 

40     , 

8  . 

— 

^ 

2.5    . 

„   3G 

' 

40     . 

"^ 

- 

'    '^-7—     ' 

3S 


Caustic  Soda 

Temperature 

52  »  Tw. 

(calculated 

Hydrosul- 
phlte  cone. 

Qlauber's 
Salt  Cryst 

Temperature 

Colour  In  Paste  Form 

for 

by  volume 

B.R.S.F. 

per  10  imp. 

of                 Soaping 

Dissolving 

i.e.  in  fluid 
lb.  &  oz  ) 

Pdr. 

Galls. 

Dye-bath 

'                1 

5    % 

Algole  Blue  3G 

120-1400 

40    "„ 

3% 

105— 120"  at  the  boil 

10  . 

. 

Faht. 

42     . 

4. 

— 

Faht. 

. 

20  . 

[        ,    I 

„ 

42     „ 

6„ 

— 

„ 

, 

40  . 

.                      n           ,, 

„ 

44     „ 

8. 

— 

„ 

, 

2,5. 

Algole  Green  B 

„ 

40     „ 

2. 

— 

120-140" 

5     . 

. 

, 

40     , 

3. 

— 

Faht. 

10  „ 

',           .      ,',' 

42     . 

4„ 

— 

„ 

20  . 

n 

42     „ 

6, 

— 

. 

40  , 

»                          •             ,, 

^ 

44     . 

8, 

— 

, 

2,5  „ 

Lcucole  Dark  Green  B 

40     . 

2. 

— 

. 

5    , 



„ 

40     „ 

3. 

— 

„ 

10  , 

»          ,,         t,     >, 

„ 

42     . 

4, 

— 

„ 

20  , 

.,          1,         »      >> 

„ 

42     „ 

6„ 

— 

40  „ 

44     „ 

8,. 

— 

„ 

2,5, 

Algole  Olive  I< 

85^950 

5     , 

2. 

1    lb 

70-75" 

5    . 

Faht. 

7     „ 

3. 

2     , 

Faht.  or 

10  „ 

„ 

I'J     . 

4. 

4     „ 

120—140" 

20  „ 

, 

14     „ 

6. 

8     , 

Faht. 

40  . 

„ 

20     , 

8„ 

12     . 

, 

2.5. 

Algole  Brown  G 

„ 

3     . 

2, 

1     , 

„ 

5     . 

„ 

4     „ 

3, 

2     , 

„ 

10  . 

6     . 

4, 

4     , 

„ 

20  . 

10     . 

6. 

8     , 

, 

40  . 

14     „ 

8. 

12     , 

. 

2,5. 

\         I       R 

„ 

3     „ 

2„ 

1     , 

„ 

5     . 

, 

„ 

4     „ 

3. 

2     , 

, 

10  , 

r, 

, 

6     , 

4. 

4     „ 

„ 

20  , 

„ 

10     . 

6. 

8     , 

, 

40  . 

,. 

„ 

14     . 

8, 

12     . 

, 

2.5. 

Leucole  Brown  B 

120—140" 

40     . 

2. 

— 

Raise  from 

5     . 

. 

Faht. 

40     . 

3. 

— 

140"  to 

10  , 

, 

50     . 

4, 

— 

195"  Faht. 

20  . 

. 

, 

60     . 

6. 

— 

in  '/j  hour 

40  . 

„ 

80    , 

8, 

— 

. 

2,5, 

Algole  Grey  B 

70—75" 

2,5. 

2. 

1    lb 

70-750 

5     , 

.          « 

Faht. 

4     , 

3. 

2     , 

Faht. 

10  , 

n                  1*           , 

„ 

6,5, 

4, 

4     . 

„ 

20  . 

n 

11     . 

6. 

8     , 

, 

40  , 

„ 

„ 

16     , 

8. 

12     , 

, 

2,5. 

,    2B 

2,5, 

2. 

1     , 

5     . 

,> 

4     . 

3. 

2     „ 

, 

10  . 

. 

6,5. 

4. 

4     , 

„ 

20  . 

r, 

„ 

11     . 

6, 

8     , 

„ 

40  . 

n 

„ 

16     , 

8. 

12     , 

, 

20  . 

Algole  Black"  CL 

120-140" 

30     „ 

6. 

5    , 

140"  Faht. 

40  , 

. 

Faht. 

32     , 

8. 

10    . 

, 

60  . 

. 

34     „ 

10. 

15     . 

. 

80  , 

37     , 

14, 

20     , 

. 

20  . 

'       ".,    r"o 

105"  Faht. 

12     . 

6, 

10     . 

75—850 

40  , 

„ 

16     . 

8, 

20     . 

Faht. 

60  , 

'„ 

„ 

22     , 

10. 

30     , 

. 

80  „ 

„ 

28     „ 

14. 

40     . 

■■ 

The  Dyeing  of  Combination  Shades. 

Cold-dyeing  Algoles.  The  amount  of  caustic  soda  necessary  when 
dyeing  combination  shades  is  determined  according  to  the  method  il- 
lustrated by  the  following  examples: 

1.  10%  Algole  Yellow  R 
20»/o  Algole  Red  5G 
30%  colour. 

The  amount   of  caustic  soda   which  would  be    necessary   if  30%   of  each 
brand  were  dyed  is  now  calculated  thus: 

30%  Algole  Yellow  R  =  12%  caustic  soda  52 »  Tw. 

SOO'o  Algole  Red  5  G    =  15.5%     „ 
Total  =  27,5% 
Since,  however,  only  30"  q  colour  is  used  altogether,  this  quantity  of  caustic 
soda  is  to  be  halved,  i.  e.  13.75%  is  to  be  taken. 

2.  5%  Algole  Orange  R 
5%  Algole  Yellow  R 

15%  Algole  Grey  2  B 
25"  0  colour 

Taking  25*"o  of  each  brand,  we  get 

25", 0  Algole  Orange  R  =  11      %  caustic  soda  52"  Tw. 
25''/o  Algole  Yellow  R    =  11      %      „ 
25%  Algole  Grey  2B    =  12.25%      .. 
Total  3-i:2b% 

Since  three  colours  are  employed,  a  third  of  this  quantity  of  caustic 
soda  is  to  be  taken,  i.  e.  11,42%. 

When  4  colours  are  combined,  the  same  method  is  followed,  the 
total  amount  of  caustic  soda  arrived  at  being  divided  by  4. 

Moreover,  good  results  are  obtained  by  making  an  addition  of 
silicate  of  soda  which  counteracts  any  excess  of  caustic  soda.  Thus,  if 
Algole  Yellow  3  G,  which  is  dyed  best  with  a  little  caustic  soda,  is  com- 
bined with  Algole  Blue  K,  which  needs  more  caustic  soda,  the  usual 
amount  of  caustic  soda  for  the  latter  brand  may  be  taken  and  then  about 
15 — 30%  silicate  of  soda  added. 

Dye  for  \'o  hour  according  to  the  usual  recipe  with  caustic  soda, 
hydrosulphite  and  Glauber's  salt,  lift  the  material  and  add  silicate  of  soda; 
the  colour  which  requires  less  caustic  soda  is  then  absorbed  better. 


28 


Like  silicate  of  soda,  glucose  also  renders  good  service.  In  the 
case  of  deep  shades  which  need  15 — 20%  caustic  soda,  15— 207o  glucose  is 
added.  The  glucose  may  be  added  to  the  dye-bath  at  the  beginning  or, 
just  like  silicate  of  soda,  after  dyeing  for  '-  hour.- 

Colours  that  are  to  be  combined  are  dissolved  or  reduced  together 
at  a  temperature  of  85—105°  Faht. 

The  following  are  examples  of  suitable  combinations: 
Bright  Pink:  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B  or 

Algole  Red  FF  extra  with 

Algole  Red  5  G  or  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R. 
Bright  Scarlet:  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2B  with 

Algole  Red  5  G  or  2  G  or 

Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R. 
Bright  Claret:  Algole  Bordeaux  3B  with 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B  or 

Algole  Red  F  F  extra,  R  extra. 
Dark  Claret:  Algole  Bordeaux  3B  with 

Algole  Corinth  R. 
Violet  or  Heliotrope:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R, 

Algole  Violet  B  with 

Algole  Red  R  extra  or,  for  saddening, 

Algole  Corinth  R. 
Dark  Blue:  Algole  Blue  K  with 

Algole  Bordeaux  3  B  or 

Algole  Red  R  extra  and 

Algole  Orange  R. 
Reseda:  Algole  Olive  R,  Algole  Blue  K, 

Algole  Yellow  R  or  3  G  L. 
Green  or  Olive:  Algole  Blue  K  with 

Algole  Yellow  R,  W  F  or  3  G  L. 

Grey :  Algole  Grey  B,  2  B 

Algole  Blue  K,  Algole  Yellow  3  G  L,  R,  W  F 
Algole  Orange  R. 

Brown:  Algole  Brown  G  or  R  with 

Algole  Olive  R  and 
Algole  Yellow  R,  W  F. 


29 


Hot-dyeing  Algole  or  Leucole  Colours.  Of  the  hot-dyeing  colours, 
Algole  Blue  3  G,  Algole  Green  B  and  Leucole  Dark  Green  B  combine 
particularly  well  since  they  all  require  the  same  amount  of  caustic  soda. 
If  Algole  Blue  CF"  is  combined  with  Algole  Blue  3  G,  the  average  amount 
of  caustic  soda,  calculated  according  to  the  examples  given  for  the  cold- 
dyeing  colours,  is  taken. 

The  following  brands  are  also  adapted  for  combination  shades: 
Algole  Olive  R,  Algole  Brown  G,  R.  Algole  Yellow  W  F,  Algole  Brilliant 
Orange  F  R  and  Algole  Red  2  G.  Moreover,  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B 
and  R  may  be  combined  with  one  another. 


■  Not  sold  in  U.  S.  A 


30 


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32 


Methods  of  Printing  Algole  &  Alizarine  Indigo 
Colours  and  Brome  Indigo  F  B  P. 


1.  The  Rongalite-Carbonate  Process. 

The   following  brands   may  be    suitably   printed    according    to    this 


process : 


Mix 


Red:  Algole  Bordeaux  3B  paste 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2B  paste 
Algole  Pink  R,  T  R  paste 

Algole  Red  B,  F  F  extra,  2  G,  5  G,  R  extra  paste 
Algole  Scarlet  G  paste 
Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B  paste 
Orange:     Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR  paste 

Algole  Orange  R  paste 
Yellow :       Algole  Yellow  3  G,  3  G  L,  R,  W  F  paste 

Leucole  Yellow  G  paste 
Green:        Algole  Green  B  paste 
Algole  Olive  R  paste 
Leucole  Dark  Green  B  paste 
Blue:  Algole  Blue  CF'S  3  G,  3  R  paste 

Alizarine  Indigo  G,  7  G,  3  R,  5  R,  7  R  paste 
Brome  Indigo  FBP  paste 
Violet:        Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R  paste 
Algole  Violet  B  paste 
Alizarine  Indigo  Violet  B  paste  ' 
Brown:       Algole  Brown  G,  R  paste 

Leucole  Brown  B  paste 
Grey:  Algole  Black  C  L,  R  O  paste 

Alizarine  Indigo  Grey  B  paste 
The  print  colours  are  prepared  as  follows: 
15    _    30%  colour  (paste)  with 
70    -     60%  Thickening  R  D, 
15    —    — %  water  and 
_    _     10%  Rongalite  C  1  :  1 
100 


*  Algole  Blue  C  F  is  not  sold  in  U.  S.  A. 


33 


Thickening  R  D. 
Stir      130  parts  wheat  starch  into  a  paste  with 
130      ,      water,  then  mux  with 
40      ,      British  gum  pdr. 
95     .      glycerine 
185      .      gum  1  :3 
185      ,      tragacanth  1  :  10  and  boil  up;  when  at  about 

105°  Faht,  add 
115      ,      potassium  carbonate  and,  lastly, 
120      ,      Rongalile  C  dissolved  at  the  same  temperature. 
1000  parts. 
When  preparing  the  print  colour,  the  dyestuff  in  paste  form  is  thor- 
oughly mixed  with  the  water  and  the  thickening  and  then  passed  through 
a  fine  sieve. 

The  following  thickening  for  reduction  gives  clear,  even  prints. 

Thickening  R  H. 

800  parts  gum  1  :  3 

70      ,      potassium  carbonate  or  soda  ash 
60      ,      glycerine 
30     „      Rongalite  C 
40      ,      water 


1000  parts. 
After  printing,  dry  the  material  (but  not  too  quickly),  air  and  then 
steam  with  as  little  delay  as  possible  for,  say,  5  minutes  with  plentj-  of 
moist  steam  in  the  Mather  &  Piatt,  free  from  air,  at  212-215"  Faht  The 
material  enters  and  leaves  the  ager  at  the  same  opening  (which  is  usually 
at  the  bottom).  In  order  to  economise  steam,  the  ager  is  fitted  with  a 
self-closing  aperture.  The  steam  is  introduced  in  a  continuous  stream  at 
the  top  of  the  ager  after  passing  through  a  small  steam  kettle  or  boiler 
whereby  it  becomes  moister,  at  the  same  time  retaining  its  high  temperature. 
The  material  must  not  be  stored  long  after  steaming,  but  must  be  passed 
full  width,  as  soon  as  possible,  through  a  bath  at  85 — 140^'  Faht.  containing 
3V4— 8  oz  bichromate  and  ^2—1  lb.  acetic  add  per  10  gallons  water  (i.  e. 
2 — 5  grms.  and  5 — 10  grms  respectively  per  litre),  rinsed,  soaped  for  V4 
hour  at  175 — 212°  Faht,  rinsed  and  dried.  Instead  of  being  passed  through 
a  bichromate  solution,  the  goods  may  be  taken  through  dilute  sulphuric  acid 
or  an  acidulated  perborate  bath. 


34 


The  print  colours  may  also  be  applied  alongside  ice  colours  to 
material  that  has  been  prepared  with  naphtol. 

Moreover,  they  may  be  employed  as  discharge  colours  on  shades 
dyed  with  Benzo,  Para  or  Diazo  dyestuffs.  In  this  case,  the  amount  of 
Rongalite  must  not  be  too  great,  otherwise  sharply-defined  objects  will  not 

be  produced. 

If  an  Alizarine  Indigo  print  colour,  with  or  without  an  addition  of 
potassium  sulphite,  is  printed  on  material  prepared  with  sodium  naphtolate  or 
2-1 -naphtol  carbonic  acid  sodium  salt  and  steamed  in  the  way  mentioned, 
blue  resists  under  red  are  obtained  on  dyeing  with  diazo  paranitraniline. 
2.  Bicarbonate  Process. 
All  the  colours  mentioned  as  suitable  for  the  Rongalite-carbonate 
process,  as  well  as  the  corresponding  powder  brands,  are  adapted  for  the 
bicarbonate  process. 

Recipe  for  printing  Algole  Colours  with  Bicarbonate. 
Mix    150     —     200  parts  Algole  colour  (paste)  with 
80      „      glycerine,  add 
80    —      30      „      water 

500      „      Thickening  G  S 
40      „      caustic  soda  106"  Tw.  and  then  stir  up  with 
20      „      hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr.     After  V2  hour, 

add  and  dissolve 
70      „      Rongalite  C  (finely  powdered);  mi.x  well  with 
60      „      sodium  bicarbonate 
1000  parts. 

Thicliening  G  S. 
170  parts  wheat  starch 
590      „      water 
240      „      gum  cryst.  1  :  5  or  gum  Senegal   1  :  2 


1000  parts. 

Thickening  for  Reduction. 

80  parts  soda  ash  or  potassium  carbonate 


300      „ 

water 

120      „ 

commercial  gum  1 

:  5  or  gum  senega!  1 

:2 

400      „ 

Thickening  G  S 

60      „ 

glycerine 

40      , 

Rongalite  C 

1000  parts 

35 


It  is  advisable  to  pass  the  print  colour  through  a  fine  sieve. 

After  printing,    proceed  as  in   the    case    of   the  Rongalite-carbonate 


process. 


3.  The  Rongalite — Caustic  Soda — Steam  Process. 
The  following  colours  may  be  printed  according  to  this  method: 


Red: 


Orange : 


Yellow 


Green : 


Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B 

Algole  Pink  R,  T  R 

Algole  Red  B  t,  FF  extra,  2  G,  5  G,  R  extra 

Algole  Scarlet  G 

Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B 

Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R 
Algole  Orange  R 

Algole  Yellow  3  G,  3  G  L,  R,  W  F 
Leucole  Yellow  G 


t  Algole  Green  B 
Algole  Olive  R 
Leucole  Dark  Green  B 

Blue:        *  Algole  Blue  Cf,  CFj,  3  G  f,  Kt,  3R 
Alizarine  Indigo  G,  7  G,  3  R,  5  R,  7  R 

Violet:        Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R 
t  Algole  Corinth  R 
Algole  Violet  B 
Alizarine  Indigo  Violet  B  paste 

Brown:       Algole  Brown  G,  R 
t  Leucole  Brown  B 

Grey:         Algole  Black  RO 

Alizarine  Indigo  Grey  B 

Those  brands  marked  with  a  cross  are  fixed  with  the  greater  quan- 
tity of  caustic  soda  given  in  the  following  recipe. 


Algole  Blue  C  is  not  sold  in  Great  Britain  4  Ireland  and  the  U.  S.  A. 
Algole  Blue  C  F  is  not  sold  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


36 


Recipe  for  Printing. 

Mix        200    —    200  parts  colour  (paste) 
glycerine 


200     - 

-     200 

70     - 

-       70 

360     - 

-     230 

145     - 

-     275 

25     - 

-       25 

British  gum  thickening 
caustic  soda  106"  Tw.,  stir  up  with 
hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr.,    allow   to 
stand    until    the    colour    is   fully    reduced,    and 
finally  stir  in 
200    —    200      „      Rongalite  thickening 


1000 

parts. 

British  Gum  Tiiicltening. 

400  p 

arts  British 

gum  pdr. 

10 

wheat 

starch 

590 

water 

1000  parts. 

Rongalite  Thicltening. 

667  parts  British  gum  thickening 
333      „      Rongalite  C 
1000  parts. 

The  steaming  and  the    succeeding    operations    are    carried    out    as 


stated  for  Process  I. 


4.  The  Tin  Crystals — Copperas  Process. 

The  following  colours  are  adapted  for  this  method: 
Red :  Algole  Bordeaux  3  B  paste 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B  paste 

Algole  Pink  R,  T  R  paste 

Algole  Red  B,  F  F  extra,  2  G,  5  G,  R  extra  paste 

Algole  Scarlet  G  paste 

Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B  paste 
Orange:      Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR  paste 

Algole  Orange  R  paste 
Yellow;       Algole  Yellow  3  G,  3  G  L,  R,  WF  paste 

Leucole  Yellow  G  paste 
Green:        Algole  Green  B  paste 

Algole  Olive  R  paste 

Leucole  Dark  Green  B  paste 


37 


Blue:  Algole  Blue  C  F  *,  3  G,  3  R  paste 

Alizarine  Indigo  G,  7  G,  3  R,  5  R,  7  R  paste 
Brome  Indigo  F  B  P  paste 
Violet:        Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R  paste 
Algole  Corinth  R  paste 
Algole  Violet  B  paste 
Alizarine  Indigo  Violet  B  paste 
Brown :       Algole  Brown  G,  R  paste 

Leucole  Brown  B  paste 
Grey:  Algole  Grey  B,  2  B  paste 

Algole  Black  CL,  RO  paste 
Alizarine  Indigo  Grey  B  paste. 
This  method  has  proved  especially  useful 
printing  since  the  printed  goods  are  not  damaged 
time  before  being  subjected  to  the  final  operations.  If  this  method  is 
adopted  for  machine  printing,  it  is  advisable  to  neutralise  a  part  of  the  acid 
in  the  print  colour  with  caustic  soda  so  that  the  fibre  may  not  be  tendered 
when  drying.  In  the  case  of  light  shades,  it  is  advisable  to  reduce  the 
colour  and  to  precipitate  it  again  in  the  thickening;  in  this  way,  very  even 
prints  are  obtained. 

Recipe  for  Printing. 
150  parts  colour  (paste) 
850      „      Thickening  SL 


Boil 


for    block    and    spray 
if  left  lying  for  some 


1000 

parts 

Thickening  S  L, 

100 

parts 

wheat  starch 

80 

„ 

water 

170 

, 

gum  cryst.  1  :  2 

170 

" 

tragacanth  65 :  1000,    when   cold  add  the  following 
solution 

70 

^ 

tartaric  acid 

40 

„ 

water 

30 

„ 

caustic  soda  106"  Tw. 

170 

„ 

tragacanth  65:  1000                              , 

20 
150 

„ 

tin  cryst. 

„ 

copperas 

1000  parts. 


Algole  Blue  C  F  is  not  sold  in  U.  S.  A. 


38 


197 

188 

103   „ 

20 

25 

30   „ 

3 

5 

7   „ 

360 

330 

300   „ 

240 

220 

200   „ 

25 

30 

45   „ 

15 

20 

30   „ 

5 

7 

10   „ 

125 

150 

225   „ 

Recipe  for  Light  Print  Colours  with  reduced  Dyestuff. 

Dissolve : 

10      25      50  parts  colour  (in  paste  form)  in 
water 

caustic  soda  66°  Tw. 
hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
gum  1  : 3 

British  gum  1  :  2,  then  stir  well  with  a  solution  of 
copperas 
tartaric  acid 
tin  cryst.  in 
gum  1  :  3 
1000  parts. 
It  is  advisable  to  pass  the  print  colour  through  a  fine  sieve. 
The  material,  after  having  been  uniformly  dried,  is  passed  full  width 
for  20—30  seconds  through  a  beck  (with  rollers)  containing  caustic  soda  of 
32—36"  Tw.  at  a  temperature  of  160—165°  Faht.   and  afterwards,    without 
being  squeezed,  through  cold  caustic  soda  of  the  same  strength.     It  is  then 
sprayed,  soured  off  well  with  sulphuric  acid  4V2— 6°  Tw.,  rinsed  thoroughly, 
soaped  for  10  minutes  at  the  boil,  rinsed  and  dried. 

In  order  that  any  colour  which  precipitates  in  the  caustic  soda  bath 
may  not  go  on  to  the  white,  it  is  advisable  to  add  to  the  hot  caustic 
soda  a  little  manganese  dioxide  paste  (1—2  oz.  per  pint  or  50—100  grms. 
per  litre). 

Manganese  Dioxide  Paste. 
Mix  400  parts  chloride  of  lime  12"  Tw.  with 

100      „      caustic  soda  66°  Tw.  and  slowly  stir  into  a 

cold  solution  of 
150      „      manganous  chloride  in 
350      „      water 
1000  parts. 

5.  Padding  with  Hydrosulphite — Caustic  Soda. 

The  following  colours  may  be  employed  for  this  purpose: 
Red :  Algole  Bordeaux  3  B 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B 
Algole  Pink  R,  T  R 


Red:  Algole  Red  B,  F  F  extra,  2  G,  5  G,  R  extra 

Algole  Scarlet  G 
Alizarine  Indigo  Red  B 

Orange:      Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR 
Algole  Orange  R 

Yellow:       Algole  Yellow  3  G,  3  G  L,  R,  WF 
Leucole  Yellow  G 

Green:  Algole  Green  B 
Algole  Olive  R 
Leucole  Dark  Green  B 

Blue:  Algole  Blue  CF*,  3  G,  K,  3R 

Alizarine  Indigo  G,  7  G,  3  R,  5  R,  7  R 
Brome  Indigo  F  B,  F  B  P 

Violet:        Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B,  R 

Algole  Corinth  R 
Algole  Violet  B 
Alizarine  Indigo  Violet  B 

Brown :       Algole  Brown  G,  R 
Leucole  Brown  B 

Grey:  Algole  Grey  B,  2  B 

Algole  Black  C  L,  R  O 
Alizarine  Indigo  Grey  B 

Recipe  for  the  Padding  Liquor, 


10 

— 

20 

parts  Algole  colour  paste 

300 

— 

300 

„ 

water 

15 

— 

20 

„ 

caustic  soda  66"  Tw. 

20 

— 

20 

„ 

alcohol 

10 

— 

10 

„ 

Monopole  Soap  1  :  1   or  Monopole  Brilliant  Oil 

7 

— 

10 

„ 

hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 

638 

— 

620 

„ 

water 

1000  parts. 
The  foulard  should  be  fitted  with  a  small  colour-box  with  2  rollers. 
The  material  is  passed    as    evenly    as  possible  through   the  liquor  which  is 
either  cold  or  at  105 — 120"  Faht.      On  leaving  the    squeezing  rollers,    it  is 


*  Not  sold  in  U.  S.  A. 


taken,  after  only  a  short  passage  through  the  air,  through  a  box  containing 
bichromate  and  acetic  acid  (^/r,  oz.  bichromate  and  '/;!  gill  acetic  acid  per 
gallon  water  of  105—120''  Faht.,  i.  e.  5  grms.  and  10  cc  respectively  per 
litre),  rinsed  and  soaped  at  the  boil  for  5  minutes.  (Leucole  Yellow  G, 
Algole  Pink  R  and  Algoie  Scarlet  G  are  soaped  at  160*'  Faht.)  In  order 
to  avoid  specking  from  the  scum,  a  little  turpentine,  Monopoie  Brilliant  Oil, 
alcohol  etc.  should  be  added  to  the  padding  liquor.  Glauber's  or  common 
salt  is  sometimes  added  with  a  view  to  furthering  the  absorption  of  the 
colour. 

6.  Padding  with  Tin  Cryst. — Copperas. 

All  the  vat  colours  that  can  be  printed  according  to  the  tin  cryst.- 
copperas  process  may  also  be  padded  by  this  method.  (For  list,  see 
pages  37  &  38.) 

Recipe. 
Mix         10     —       20  parts  Algole  colour  in  paste  form 
water 

caustic  soda  66°  Tw. 
hydrosulphite  cone.  B.  A.  S.  F.  pdr. 
gum   1  :  5  and  stir  up  well  with  a 
solution  of 
gum   1  :  5 
tartaric  acid 
tin  cryst. 
copperas 
1000  parts. 

The  padding  is  carried  out  either  in  the  printing  machine  with  two 
padding  rollers  or  in  the  padding  machine  with  a  liquor  containing  less 
thickening.  After  drying,  print  with  tin  cryst.— copperas  print  colours  (see 
pages  38  &  39)  or  pass  at  once  for  25—30  seconds  through  caustic 
soda  32"  Tw.  at  160—170°  Faht.,  spray,  pass  through  sulphuric  acid  of 
41/2—6^  Tw.,  allow  to  lie  for  a  time,  rinse  well,  soap  at  the  boil,  rinse 
and  dry. 


10  - 

-   20  parts 

345  - 

-  309   „ 

15  - 

-   20   „ 

3  - 

4   „ 

455  - 

-  400   „ 

125  - 

-  180   „ 

17  - 

-   25   „ 

5  - 

7   , 

25  - 

-   35   „ 

Algole  Colours. 


2,5°/„ 


Algole  Yellow 
3  G  paste 


Algole  Yellow 
3QL  paste  *°° 


10% 


2,5% 


Leucole  Yellow  G 
paste 


Algole  Yellow  R 
paste 


Algole  Brilliant 
Orange  F  R  paste        ^°'» 


Algole  Orange  R 
paste 


2.S  % 


s    % 


10     % 


2,5  % 


Algole  Red  5  0 

paste  ''■^  °/° 


15    % 


Algole  Scarlet  G 
paste 


Algole  Pink  R 
paste 


Algole  Pink  TR 
paste 


2,5  % 
7.5  % 
IS     % 

2.5  % 

5     % 
10     % 

r 

0,8  »„ 
1.75% 
3,5  % 

l_ 

42 


Algole  Colours. 


2,5% 


J,       Algole  Brilliant 
"       Red  2B  paste 


10   % 


2.5'';o 


Algole  Red 
^  °'''      F  F  extra  paste 


10   % 


23«/„ 


Algole  Red 
R  extra  paste 


Algole  Red  B 
paste 


15   % 


Algole  Bordeaux 
3  B  paste 


Algole  Corinth  R 
paste 


10  % 


Algole  Brilliant 
^  °'°  Violet  2B  paste 


Algole  Brilliant 
Violet  R  paste 


10  % 


Algole  Violet  B 
paste 


Algole  Blue  3R 
paste 


15   % 


43 


Algole  and  Alizarine  Indigo  Colours. 


Algole  Blue  K 
paste 


Brome  Indigo  F  B 
paste 


Alizarine  Indigo 
G  paste 


Algole  Blue    CF 
paste 


Algole  Blue  3  0 
paste 


Algole  and  Alizarine  Indijjo  Colours. 


Leucole  Brown 
B  paste 


2^% 


Algole  Grey  B 
paste 


2.5% 


5   % 


„,    Algole   Grey  2B 
paste 


Algole  Black 
C  L  paste 


Algole  Black 
RO  paste 


'■.!>'''o 


^,      Algole  Yellow 
W  F  pasie 


2.5% 


5  ,^     Algole  Red  2G        ^^^ 
°  paste 


25% 


Alizarine  Indigo 
Red  B  paste 


Alizarine  Indigo 
°  7  0  p.islo 


45 


Combination  Shades. 


2  »/„  Algole  Brilliant 

Red  2B 
0,5%  Algole  Brilliant 

Orange  I-  R 

20   %  Algole  Brilliant    • 
Red  2  B 
20   X  Algole  Brilliant 

Orange  F  R 

25   %  Algole  Brilliant 

Orange  F  R 
15   %  Algole  Brilliant 

Red  2  B 


20   %  Algole  Brown  R 
20    %  Algole  Red  B  paste 


20   %  Algole  Bordeaux 

3B      120 1 
20   %  Algole  Red  R  extra 


26   %  Algole  Yellow  R 
4    »/„  Algole  Blue  K 


15  »/„  Algole  Yellow  R 

15  %  Algole  Olive  R 

15  %  Algole  Olive  R 

10  »;„  Algole  Yellow  R 

5  %  Algole  Brown  R 

25  %  Algole  Olive  R 

10  %  Algole  Yellow  R 

5  %  Algole  Brown  R 

20  %  Algole  Blue   K 

10  %  Algole  Blue  3R 


20   %  Algole  Blue  3  R 
IS   %  Algole  Brilliant 

Violet  2  B 


7    %  Algole  Blue  K 
6,57o  Algole  Yellow  R 


16  %  Algole  Blue  K 
14   %  Algole  Yellow  R 


2,5»/„  Algole  Brilliant 

Violet  R 


20   %  Algole  Blue  K 
5  %  Algole  Grey  2B 


8   "/„  Algole  Grey  2B 
1    »/o  Algole  Yellow  R 


9   »'„  Algole  Grey  2B 
4,S"/„  Algole  Olive  R 


6   %  Algole  Grey  2  B 

0,5»/„  Algole  Red  B 

6   %  Algole  Grey  2B 

1    %  Algole  Blue  3R 

0,5".'„  Algole  Bordeaux 


8    %  Algole  Grey  2B 

1  %  Algole  Orange  R 

IS   %  Algole  Yellow  R 
i,87o  Algole  Orange  R        135  | 
1,8%  Algole  Grey  B 

10    %  Algole  Yellow  R 
2,5%  Algole  Orange  R        137  | 

2  %  Algole  Olive  R 


4   %  Algole  Bordeau 
1    %  Algole  Blue  K 


3  B      138 


5   %  Algole  Violet  B 
2,5»/o  Algole  Red  R  extra 


7,5%  Algole  Red  B 
7,5"/„  Algole  Brilliant 

Violet  R 


15  %  Algole  Brown  R 

10  %  Algole  Orange  R 

6  %  Algole  Orange  R 

5  %  Algole  Grey  2B 

3  %  Algole  Yellow  R 

25  %  Algole  Brown  R 

15  %  Algole  Yellow  R 
2.5%  Algole  Olive  R 

25  %  Algole  Brown  R 

15  %  Algole  Yellow  R 

5  %  Algole  Olive  R 

2'i  %  Algole  Brown  R 

5  %  A'gole  Yel.ow  R 

10  %  Algole  Olive  R 


Ihe  quanlilies  ol  colour  given  refer  to  the  paste  form. 


46 


Embroid 

ery 

Silk. 



146 
147 
148 

^^^^^^^^1^^      15         Algole 
UHUJJJUP^^g                                     paste 

160 
161 
162 

^^^^^^^^^H     15   ° 

^^^^^^^^^H  IS ' 

0  Algole  Corinth  R 
paste 

■„  Algole  Brilliant 
Violet  2  B  paste 

/o  Algole  Brilliant 
Violet  R  paste 

Bi^^^iiWffMmin^^'    ^^  °'o  A'e°>°  veiiow 
HgaBi^amMj^i^upiHaESr.                       3  o  l  paste 

^^^^^^^^^^Be     20        Leucole  Yellow 

149 
150 

BiltttimWfflilJIffil^ffl^         15   %  Algole  Yellow  R 

||MAy^yityatf*ww^wii|j[(^lr^pfitffl                                        paste 

163 
164 

0  Algole  Violet  B 

paste 

'0  Algole  Blue  3R 

paste 

^^^^^^^^^^^B     15         Algole 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H                 Orange         paste 

151 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1               Algole 
^^^^^^^^^^^■^H                                     paste 

165 

^^^^^^^^^^H    .'0  ° 

'„  Algole  Blue  K 

paste 

152 

^^^^^^^^^^^H     10         Algole 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H]                                       paste 

166 

^^^^^^^^^^B    20  ' 

'0  Brome  Indigo  F  B 
paste 

153 

^^^^^^^^^^^H     20        Algole  Scarlet 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1                                    paste 

167 

^^^^^^^^^H     15   ' 

'0  Alizarine  Indigo  0 
paste 

154 

HHsn^^^^^^W'      2,5"',  Algole  Pink  R 

168 

^^^^^^^^^^m    ^^  ^ 

'„  Algole  Olive  R 

paste 

1.55 

^^^^^^^^^^^^H     15        Algole 
^^^^^^^^^^^^H                                    paste 

169 

^^^^^HH^H  15  ° 

'0  Algole  Brown  G 
paste 

156 

^^^^^^^^^^^1     15         Algole           FF 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1                             extra 

170 

^^^^^^^H^H  15  ° 

o  Algole  Brown  R 
paste 

157 

^^^^^^^^^^^^H               Algole            extra 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^                                    paste 

171 

^^^^^^^^^^^1      15 

0  Algole  Grey  B 

paste 

15S 

^^^^^^^^^^^^H  ju 

172 

HH^" 

0  Algole  Grey  2B 
paste 

159 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B               Algole  Bordeaux 
^^^^^^^^^^^^H                                    paste 

173 

■■1  ' 

„  Algole  Black  R  0 
paste 

,                 

Glanzstoff. 


10     %Algole  Yellow  3  G 
paste 


10     %  Algole  Yellow 

3  G  L  paste 


IS     %  Leucole  Yellow  G 
paste 


10     °„  Algole  Yellow  R 
paste 


10     %  Algole  Brilliant 
Orange  F  R  paste 


10     »„  Algole  Orange  R 
paste 


15     \  Algole  Red  5G 
paste 


15     \  Algole  Scarlet  0 
paste 


2,5  »'„  Algole  Pink  R 

paste 


l,25''/o  Algole  Pink  TR 
paste 


10     \  Algole  Brilliant 
Red  2  B  paste 


10     %  Algole  Red  F  F 
extra  paste 


10     %  Algole  Red  R 

extra  paste 


10     %  Algole  Red  B 

paste 


'5     %  Algole  Bordeaux 
3B  paste 


10     %  Algole  Corinlh  R 
paste 


10     »„  Algole  Brillant 
Violet  2  B  paste 


10"„  Algole  Brilliant 
174   I  Violet  R  paste 


10",,  Algole  Violet  B 


15»'„  Algole  Blue  3R 

paste 


15»„  Algole  Blue  K  paste 


lO'V  Brome  Indigo  FB 
paste 


\0\  Alizarine  Indigo  G 
paste 


ICo  Algole  Blue  C  F 

paste 


10%  Algole  Blue  3G 

paste 


15"o  Algole  Green  B 


15%  Leucole  Dark  Green 
B  paste 


IS-)       10°',,  Algole  Olive  R  paste 


15"o  Algole  Brown  G 

paste 


I5°'„  Algole  Brown  R 

paste 


10""„  Algole  Grey  B  paste 


10",,  Algole  Grey  2  B 

paste 


60%  Algole  Black  C  1. 

paste 


60%  Algole  Black  R  O 

paste 


48 


Combination  Shades  on  Glanzstoff. 


0.5  %  Algole  Bordeaux 

0,08%  Algole  Brilliant 
Violet  R 


209      1     %  Algole  Red  50 
0,3  %  Algole  Red  R  extra 


15     %  Algole  Brilliant 

Orange  F  R 
4     »/„  Algole  Brilliant 
Red  2B 


22     %  Algole  Red  50 
21'      5     \  Algole  Red  R  extra 


10     %  Algole  Red  R  extra 
10     %  Algole  Bordeaux 


3     %  Algole  Yellow  R 
2     \  Algole  Blue  K 


8     %  Algole  Yellow  R 
4     %  Algole  Blue  K 


2,5   25     °'„  Algole  Yellow  R 
5     %  Algole  Blue  K 


4     X  Algole  Olive  R 
1.5  %  Algole  Yellow  R 


0,8  %  Algole  Brilliant 

Violet  2  B 
0,4  %  Algole  Blue  K 


1,5  %  Algole  Blue  3R 
218      1,5  X  Algole  Brilliant 
Violet  R 


10     %  Algole  Blue  K 
3     »/o  Algole  Yellow  R 


2     X  Algole  Yellow  R 
2     X  Algole  Brown  R 


22,      *  °'o  Algole  Yellow  R 

2  "o  Algole  Corinth  R 

15  •,  Algole  Olive  R 

222      3  X  Algole  Yellow  R 

2  X  Algole  Brown  R 


223      ''5  %  Algole  Qrey  B 
0,1  %  Algole  Yellow  R 


4     X  Algole  Grey  B 
^^-l     0,25%  Algole  Bordeau.x 


7,5  %  Algole  Grey  2  B 
0,5  %  Algole  Orange  R 


2     %  Algole  Grey  28 
226     3     X  Algole  Olive  R 


1     %  Algole  Grey  B 

227  1      X  Algole  Orange  R 
0,75%  Algole  Yellow  R 

18     %  Algole  Brown  R 

228  10     %  Algole  Olive  R 

9     %  Algole  Yellow  R 


18     %  Algole  Brown  R 
11     %  Algole  Olive  R 


8     %  Algole  Orange  R 
3     %  Algole  Corinth  R 


2,5  %  Algole  Blue  K 
0,75  %  Algole  Yellow  R 


10     X  Algole  Blue  K 
7     %  Algole  Blue  3  R 


3B 


%  Algole  Bordeau 
%  Algole  Blue  K 

X  Algole  Bordeaux 
3B 


%  Algole  Grey  2  B 
%  Algole  Yellow  R 


5  %  Algole  Blue  K 

5  %  Algole  Yellow  R 

12  %  Algole  Brown  R 

237    20  X  Algole  Yellow  R 

7  •;,  Algole  Blue  3R 


The  quantities  of  colour  given  teler  to  the  paste  lo 


49 


Patterns  from  the  Trade. 

A.  Dyeings. 


Blousings  &  Shirtings. 


Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R 


(  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B 
I  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR 


Yellow:     Algole  Yellow  3  0 

Violet:      Algole  Violet  B,  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B 


Blousings  &  Dress  Material. 


Green :      Algole  Yellow  R,  Algole  Blue  K 
Blue:         Algole  Blue  K 
Black :       Algole  Black  R  O 


Red:  Algole  Red  R  extra,  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR 

Green:  Algole  Yellow  R,  Algole  Blue  K 

Blue:  Alizarine  Indigo  G 

Yellow:  Algole  Grey  B,  Algole  Orange  R,  Algole  Yellow  R 


Corinth  :    Algole  Corinth  R 

Grey:        Algole  Grey  B,  Algole  Blue  K 


52 


Blousings  &  Shirtings. 


Ground  ; 

Algole  Grey  B,  Algolc  Orange  R,  Algole  Yellow  R 

Green: 

Algole  Green  B 

Blue: 

Algole  Blue  3R 

Brown : 

Algole  Brown  R,  Algole  Olive  R,  Algole  Yellow  R 

Ground:    Algole  Grey  B,  Algole  Orange  R,  Algole  Yellow  R 
Blue:         Algole  Blue  K 


Brown :      Algole  Brown  R,  Algole  Olive  R,  Algole  Yellow  R 
Green:      Algolc  Blue  K,  Algole  Yellow  R 


Blousings  &  Dress  Material. 


Brome  Indigo  h"  B 


(  Algole  Red  B 
I  Algolc  Red  5  G 


Algole  Blue  K 
Algole  Red  R  extra 
Algole  Orange  R 


54 


Blousings  &  Dress  Material. 


Red:      Algole  Red  R  extra,  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FK 
Blue :     Algole  Blue  3  G 
Black:   Algole  Black  RO 


Algole  Brown  R 
Algole  Olive  R 
Algole  Yellow  R 


15 


Olive: 
Black: 


Algole  Yellow  R,  Algole  Orange  K,  Algole  Olive  K 
Algole  Black  RO 


55 


Half-woollen  Blousings  &  Dress  Material. 


4 


Green :      Algole  Green  B 
Red:         Algole  Red  B 


Yellow:     Algole  Yellow  R 

Violet:      Algole  Violet  B,  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2B 

Black:       Algole  Black  RO 


Algole  Grey  2  B 


56 


Shirtings. 


19 


Algole  Yellow  R 
Algole  Orange  R 


20 


(  Algole  Red  B 
I  Algole  Orange  R 


Algole  Blue  K 


57 


Austrian  Army  Tent  Cloth  (Dyed  in  the  Yarn). 


m 

22 

f 
1 

f  Algole  Brown  G 
I  Algole  Olive  R 



Table-cloths. 


23 


Algole  Yellow  R 


(  Algole  Brillinnt  Red  2  B 
I  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R 


59 


Furniture  Cloth. 


25 

1 

_u     ^ 

Silver  Grey:  Algole  Olive  R,  Algole  Grey  2B 

Reseda:          Algole  Grey  2  B,  Algole  Yellow  R 

Brown :           Algole  Brown  R,  Algole  Yellow  R,  Algole  Olive  R 

60 


Tapestry. 


■■^^^^-■^--^-~ -^1 

® 

Green:      Algole  Yellow  R,  Algole  Blue  K 

Brown :     Algole  Brown  R,  Algole  Olive  R,  Algole  Yellow  R 

Awnings. 


27 


Algole  Green  B 


^V1S? 


28 


?BSS5Sg<^ 


(  Algole  Red  R  extra 

I  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR 


Washable  Trimmings. 


29 


Orange : 
Violet: 


Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R 
Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B 


30 


S^ 


l£jk 


& 


^ 


^ 


w 


f  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B 
I  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR 


Blue:         Algole  Blue  3  R,  Algole  Grey  J 

Red:  Algole  Red  FF  extra 

Green :      Algole  Yellow  R,  Algole  Blue  K 


63 


Turkish  Towelling. 


''V  -^^Jfi^^^/^ 

^.i%>f^*:^fr.4M5Mr/:-,4^ 

^ 

:^HHH 

l^.:':;-- ••■.:::,    _::-..  .3^ 

^L 

A                                                   ,  ■  -      - 
T 

4 

.■■■■:::-.-:'-^  ■:.•:■••' 

< 
♦ 

> 

> 

4^ 

•r-  •  '' '  ■  ^ "  ^     ^^'  ■ 

■       ~              .              -.   r                -  TF      «    y- 

Algoie  Yellow  R 


Algole  Pink  T  R 


64 


Algole  Effects  (Viscose  Silk)  fast  to  Cross-dyeing. 


Blousings. 


36! 


Algole  Red  B 
Algolc  Blue  3  R 


37 


Algole  Red  B 


38 


(  Algole  Red  B 
<   Algole  Blue  3R 


Dress  Material. 


39 


Algolt  Red  B 


)  Algolc  Red  B 
I.  Algole  Orange  R 


Algole  Blue  3G 


I  Algole  Orange  R 


)   Algole  Red   1'. 
I  Algole  Blue  3  R 


67 


Dress  Material. 


45 


Algole  Olive  R 


(  Algole  Olive  R 
I  Algole  Corinth  R 


47 


Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR 
Algole  Olive  R 


(  Algole  Green  B 
I  Algole  Olive  R 


48 


/  Algole  Red  B 
I  Algole  Orange  R 


Corduroy  &  Velveteen. 


I  Algole  Brilli;int  Violet  R 
I   Algole  Corintli  R 


B.     Prints. 


Prints  produced  according  to  tlie  Rongalitc  Steam  Process. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  34.) 


Brown:   Algole  Brilliant  Red  2B  paste  Blue:  Algole  Blue  CF  paste 

Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  paste 
Leucole  Dark  Green  B  paste 


Dark  Shade:  Leucole  Dark  Green  B  paste.    Light  Shade:   Alizarine  Indigo  0  paste 

Alizarine  Indigo  3  R  paste 
Algole  Yellow  R  paste 


Navy  Blue :    Alizarine  Indigo  5  R  paste  Stripes :     Algole  Brown  R  paste 

Alizarine  Indigo  Qiey  B  paste  Alizarine  Indigo  0  paste 

Algole  Yellow  R  paste 


Prints  produced  according  to  tlic  Rongalite  Steam  I^rocess. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  34.) 


54 


/    / 


Pink:  Algole  Red  B  paste         Black:   Alizarine  Indigo  Grey  B  paste 

Algole  Pink  R  paste  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  paste 

Algole  Red  F  F  extra  paste 


Blue:  Alizarine  Indigo  3R  paste      Brown:   Algole  Brown  R  paste 

Algole  Brilliant  Orange  FR  paste 
Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste 


Orange :  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  paste      Blue :  Alizarine  Indigo  G  paste 


72 


F'rints  produced  according  to  the  Rongalite  Steam  IVoccss. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  31.) 


Liylit  Sliade:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B  paste     Dark  Shade;  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B  paste 


Brown:    Algole  Brown  R  paste        Blue:  Alizarine  Indigo  G  paste 
Algole  Blue  C  F  paste  Brome  Indigo  F  B  P  paste 


59 


Green:  Algole  Blue  CF  paste  Black:  Leucole  Dark  Green  B  paste 

Algole  Yellow  30L  paste  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B  paste 

Algole  Brilliant  Red  2  B  paste 


Prints  produced  according  to  the  Rongalite  Steam  Process. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  34.) 


60 


Violet:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste       Grey:  Alizarine  Indigo  Grey  B  paste 
Algole  Red  FF  extra  paste 


/' 

""/ 

"/. 

"/ 

"/. 

v. 

/. 

/ . 

/' 

"/. 

"/ 

"/. 

"/. 

"/.. 

■■/ 

•■/.. 

/' 

/ 

'/.. 

'/ 

'/.. 

'/".. 

/.. 

■/■ 

• 

/" 

/" 

/" 

/" 

/" 

/ 

/ 

Violet:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste        Green:  Algole  Yellow  3GL  paste 
Algole  Red  F  F  extra  paste  Alizarine  Indigo  Q  paste 


62 


Algole  Brilliant  Red  2B  paste 
Algole  Pink  R  paste 
Algole  Scarlet  G  paste 


I'riiits  produced  according  to  the  Roiigalitc  Steam  Process. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Page  35.) 


63 


Algole  Brown  R  paste 


Algole  Brown  R  paste  shaded  with  Blue 


65 


Algole  Brown  R  paste  shaded  with  Blue 


75 


Prints  produced  according  to  the  Rongalite  Steam  Process. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  34 ) 


Lighit  Shade:  Algole  Red  B  paste  Dark  Shade:  Algole  Red  2G  paste 

Algole  Red  2G  paste  Algole  Pink  R  paste 


Violet:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  K  |)aste         Black:  Algole  Brown  R  paste 

Algole  Red  B  paste  Algole  Red  FF  extra  paste 

Alizarine  Indigo  7  R  paste 


Algole  Pink  R  paste 


76 


Prints  produced  according  to  the  Rcng.ilitc  Steam  Process. 
(For  Recipe,  sec  Pages  33  &  34.) 


Dark  Shade :  Alizarine  Indigo  7  R  paste      Light  Shade :  AHzarine  Indigo  7  R  paste 


Dark  Shade:  Alizarine  Indigo  7R  paste      Light  Shade:  Alizarine  Indigo  7R  paste 


aa 


OD 

oa 


QD 

aa 


OD 

Da 


aa 

nn 


Dark  Shade :  Alizarine  Indigo  5  R  paste      Light  Shade :  Alizarine  Indigo  5  R  paste 


77 


Prints  produced  according  to  tlie  Rongalite  Steam  Process. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  37.) 


72 


Light  Shade:  Ahzarine  Indigo  7R  paste      Dark  Shade:  Alizarine  Indigo  7R  paste 
Alizarine  Indigo  5R  paste 


73 


c   o    Q^ 


Light  Shade :  Alizarine  Indigo  5  R  paste      Dark  Shade :  Alizarine  Indigo  5  R  paste 


74 


Alizarine  Indigo  3  R  paste 


78 


Prints  produced  according  to  the  Rongalite  Steam  Process. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  31.) 


r 


L=l.t=» 


// 


ua 


75 


// 


ta?3 


/  / 


// 


/  / 


Alizarine  Indigo  3  R  paste 


76 


77 


Alizarine  Indigo  3  R  paste 


^ight  Blue :  Alizarine  Indigo  (^j  paste  Dark  Blue :  Alizarine  Indigo  G  paste 

Aigole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste 


79 


Prints  produced  according  to  the  Rongalite  Steam  Process. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  37  &  33.) 


78 


Dark  Shade :  Alizarine  Indigo  G  paste 
Alizarine  Indigo  5  R  paste 


Light  Shade:  Alizarine  Indigo  G  paste 
Alizarine  Indigo  5  R  paste 


79 


Brome  Indigo  F  B  P  paste 


80 


) 


V> 


^v      .® 


Brome  Indigo  F  B  P  paste 


80 


Prints  produced  according  to  tlie  Rongalitc  Steam  Process  on  a  Naplitol  Prepare. 
(For  Recipe,  sec  Page  34.) 


Naphtol  Prepare 
Red :  Para  Red  Blue :  Alizarine  Indigo  7  R  paste 

Alizarine  Indigo  G  paste 


Naphtol  Prepare 
Red:  Para  Red  Violet:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B  paste 

Algole  Red  F  F  extra  paste 


Naphtol  Prepare 
Red:  Para  Red  Blue:  Alizarine  Indigo  7R  paste 


Discliarijc  Prints  on  Pnra  Colours  or  Resists  under  Para  Red  produced  accordiut;  lo  tin 
Rongalite  Steam  Process.    (For  Recipe,  see  Page  35.1 


84 


^W' 


my 


;0^Q 


'oxc>oc;cxc>o{6)o{6)/< 

^<cXo>o<C>o<C>o(c>o<0>o<< 
)XO><0>o<0>o<0>o(o>o<C>o<( 


ci 


CI 


C;oc:0>o<0>o<C>o<0>o<0>ocOj?o^ 


Dyed  with ;  Para  Fast  Green  B  Pink :  Algole  Red  2  O  paste        .    Blue :  Alizarine  Indigo  G  paste 

Para  Olive  O  Algole  Pink  R  paste  Alizarine  Indigo  7R  paste 

Toluylene  Yellow  G 
(Parazole  FB) 


%J  /'^•\^ 


85 


( ©>/oxo><o><o>(oXc'><' 
/©V0>o(o>o<o><o>(oXoX 


Dyed  with:  Para  Fast  Green  B  Violet:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  8  paste    Black:  Alizarine  Indigo  Grey  B  paste 

Para  I-ast  Blue  6  B  Algole  Red  F  F  extra  paste  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  paste 

Para  Fast  Brown  O  R  Algole  Red  F  F  extra  paste 

(Parazole  FB)  / 


Prepare :  Naphtol  carbonic  acid 
Dyed  with :  Para  Red        Resist :  Alizarine  Indigo  7  R  paste 


Prints  produced  according  to  tlie  Rongalite  Steam  Process.    (For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  34.) 
Shades  padded  according  to  the  Hydrosulphite  Method.    (For  Recipe,  see  Page  40.) 


87 


Padded  with:  Algole  Blue  3  0  paste        Printed  with:  Brome  Indigo  FBP  oaste 
Algole  Blue  3R  paste 


Padded  with:  Algole  Blue  3G  paste        Printed  with:  Alizarine  Indigo  3R  paste 
Algole  Blue  3  R  paste  Algole  Yellow  3  G  L  paste 

Algole  Yellow  R  paste 


Padded  with:  Algole  Grey  B  paste  Black:  Aniline  Black 


83 


Prints  produced  nccording  to  the  RongHlite  Steam  Process.     (For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  34.) 
Shades  padded  according  to  the  Hydrosulphite  Metliod.    (For  Recipe,  see  Page  40.) 


/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/      / 

/ 
m 
/ 

/ 

m 

/ 

m 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

m 
/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

■              ■ 

/      / 

90  j 

1 

/ 
m 
/ 

/ 

m 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

m 

/ 

/ 

m 

/ 

/ 

/ 

• 

/ 
m 
• 

/ 

m 

/ 

m 

/ 

m 

/ 

m 

/ 

m 

'      / 

Padded  with:  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2B  paste     Printed  with:  Algole  Brilliant  Red  2B  paste 

Algole  Pink  R  paste 
Algole  Scarlet  G  paste 


91 


• 

/ 

/. 

/ 

/ 

• 

/ 

• 

m 

/ 

• 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/    . 

/ 

V 

V 

/ 

/ 

/ 

•               * 

•            *            ■ 

/     /      /     / 

/ 

'     / 

'            / 

Padded  with:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B  paste    Printed  with:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B  paste 
Algole  Corinth  R  paste  Algole  Red  F  F  extra  paste 


92 


Padded  with:  Algole  (.keen  B  p.iaii. 
Algole  Olive  R  paste 


icd  \\\\.\\ .  Ltuculc  Dark  Green  B  paste 


84 


Prints  produced  according  to  the  Rongalite  Steam  Process.     (For  Recipe,  see  Pages  33  &  34.) 
Shades  padded  according  to  the  Hydrosulphitc  method.    (For  Recipe,  see  Page  40.) 


93 


Padded  with :  Algole  Brown  R  paste    Printed  with :  Algole  Brown  R  paste 

Algole  Yellow  R  paste  Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  paste 

Algole  Olive  R  paste  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste 


Padded  with:  Algole  Blue  CF  paste       Printed  with:  Alizarine  Indigo  B  paste 
Algole  Blue  3  Q  paste 


Padded  with:  Algole  Blue  (^  1'^  paste         Printed  with:  Alizarine  Indigo  Ij  paste 
Algole  Blue  3  G  paste 


85 


\v 


Shades  padded  according  to  the  Hydrosiilphite  Method. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Page  40.) 


Padded  with :  Algole  Blue  C  F  paste      Printed  with :  Alizarine  Indigo  B  paste 
Algole  Blue  3  G  paste 


97 


Padded  with :  Algole  Yellow  R  paste       Printed  with  :  Alizarine  Red  R  A  G  P  paste 
Algole  Orange  R  paste  Alizarine  Yellow  R  paste 
^Igole  Grey  B  paste  Gallo  Fast  Black  powder 


Padded  with:  Algole  Ullow  K  pasle 
Algole  Orange  K  paste 
Algole  Grey  B  paste 


I'rinted  with:  Para  Red 


86 


Prints  produced  accoidiiig  to  the  Tin  Cryst. — Copperas  Method. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  38  &  39.) 


Dark  Shade :  Algole  Red  2  G  paste 

Algole  Red  FF  extra  paste 
Algole  Red  B  paste 


Light  Shade:  Algole  Red  B  paste 


Dark  Shade :  Algole  Brown  R  paste  Light  Shade :  Algole  Brown  R  paste 

Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  paste  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B  paste 

Algole  Red  2  G  paste  Algole  Yellow  R  paste 


Dark  Shade:  Leucole  Dark  Green  B  paste 
Algole  Yellow  3  G  L  paste 
Algole  Blue  3  Q  paste 


Light  Shade :  Leucole  Dark  Green  B  paste 
Algole  Yellow  3  G  1,  paste 
Algole  Blue  3  G  paste 


Prints  produced  according  to  the  Tin  Cryst. — Copperas  Mctliod. 
(For  Recipe,  sec  Pages  38  &  39.) 


Violet:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste         Grey:  Algole  Grey  B  paste 
Algole  Red  B  paste 


103 


Dark  Shade:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B  paste      Light  Shade:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste 
Algole  Red  FF  extra  paste 


104 


Orange:  Algole  Yellow  R  paste  Blue:  Algole  Blue  CF  paste 

Algole  Brilliant  Orange  F  R  paste 


Prints  produced  according  to  tlie  Tin  Cryst. — Copperas  Metliod. 
(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  38  &  39.) 


Dark  Stiade:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste      Light  Shade:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2B  paste 


Dark  Shade:  Leucole  Dark  Green  B  paste         Light  Shade:  Algole  Green  B  paste 
Algole  Yellow  3  G  L  paste  Algole  Olive  R  paste 

Algole  Blue  3  G  paste 


Dark  Shade:  Algole  Brown  R  paste  Light  Shade:  Algole  Brown  R  paste 

Algole  Olive  R  paste 


89 


I'rints  produced  according  to  the  Tin  Cryst. — Copperas  Metliod. 

(For  Recipe,  see  Pages  38  &  39.) 

Sliadcs  padded  according  to  the  Tin  Cryst. — Copperas  Method. 

(For  Recipe,  see  Page  41.) 


Padded  with:  Algole  Bhie  3G  paste 
Algole  Blue  3  R  paste 


Printed  vvitli ;  Algole  Blue  3  K  paste 
Algole  Blue  3  G  paste 
Lcucole  Dark  Green  B  paste 


Padded  with:  Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste 
Algole  Olive  R  paste 
Algole  Violet  R  paste 


Algole  Brilliant  Violet  2  B  paste 
Algole  Brilliant  Violet  R  paste 
Algole  Red  F  F  extra  paste 


90 
D.   H.   HILL  LIBRARY 

North  Carolina  State  College 


Without  guarantee.    — 


-■'■If    .  w 


'4 


i 


